{"id":20066,"date":"2025-01-24T08:02:30","date_gmt":"2025-01-24T00:02:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.varidata.com\/uncategorized-zh-tw\/how-to-fix-mysql-connection-issues-on-us-servers\/"},"modified":"2025-04-16T09:14:55","modified_gmt":"2025-04-16T01:14:55","slug":"how-to-fix-mysql-connection-issues-on-us-servers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.varidata.com\/zh-tw\/blog-tc\/how-to-fix-mysql-connection-issues-on-us-servers\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u6c7a\u7f8e\u570b\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u4e0a\u7684MySQL\u9023\u7dda\u554f\u984c\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"

MySQL\u9023\u7dda\u932f\u8aa4\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6210\u70ba\u4efb\u4f55\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u9a45\u52d5\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u969c\u7919\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u60a8\u662f\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u7f8e\u570b\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u79df\u7528<\/a>\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u8655\u7406\u8de8\u5340\u57df\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5b58\u53d6\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u4e26\u5be6\u65bd\u9069\u7576\u7684\u4fee\u5fa9\u90fd\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u672c\u6280\u8853\u6307\u5357\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8a0eMySQL\u9023\u7dda\u6545\u969c\u6392\u9664\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u95dc\u6ce8\u7f8e\u570b\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u74b0\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e38\u898bMySQL\u9023\u7dda\u932f\u8aa4\u75c7\u72c0<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u5728\u6df1\u5165\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5206\u6790\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u9047\u5230\u7684\u5178\u578b\u932f\u8aa4\u8a0a\u606f\uff1a<\/p>\n

ERROR 2003 (HY000): Can't connect to MySQL server on 'host' (10061)\r\nERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'username'@'localhost'\r\nERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u521d\u59cb\u8a3a\u65b7\uff1a\u7cfb\u7d71\u72c0\u614b\u6aa2\u67e5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u9a57\u8b49MySQL\u670d\u52d9\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u5c0d\u65bcLinux\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n
systemctl status mysql\r\n# \u6216\u91dd\u5c0d\u8f03\u820a\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\r\nservice mysql status\r\n\r\n# \u6aa2\u67e5MySQL\u7a0b\u5e8f\r\nps aux | grep mysql\r\n\r\n# \u67e5\u770b\u6d3b\u52d5\u76e3\u807d\u5668\r\nnetstat -tuln | grep 3306\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7db2\u8def\u914d\u7f6e\u9a57\u8b49<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u7db2\u8def\u9023\u7dda\u554f\u984c\u7d93\u5e38\u5c0e\u81f4MySQL\u9023\u7dda\u5931\u6557\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u9a57\u8b49\u7db2\u8def\u8a2d\u5b9a\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n
# \u6e2c\u8a66TCP\u9023\u7dda\r\ntelnet your_server_ip 3306\r\n\r\n# \u6aa2\u67e5CentOS\/RHEL\u4e0a\u7684\u9632\u706b\u7246\u72c0\u614b\r\nfirewall-cmd --list-ports\r\n\r\n# \u6aa2\u67e5Ubuntu\u4e0a\u7684\u9632\u706b\u7246\u72c0\u614b\r\nsudo ufw status\r\n\r\n# \u9a57\u8b49MySQL\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u7684bind-address\r\ngrep bind-address \/etc\/mysql\/mysql.conf.d\/mysqld.cnf\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6b0a\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790<\/strong><\/h2>\n
MySQL\u7684\u6b0a\u9650\u7cfb\u7d71\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8b39\u614e\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5728\u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u9a57\u8b49\u548c\u4fee\u5fa9\u6b0a\u9650\u554f\u984c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n
# \u4ee5root\u8eab\u4efd\u767b\u5165MySQL\r\nmysql -u root -p\r\n\r\n# \u6aa2\u67e5\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6b0a\u9650\r\nSELECT user, host, authentication_string FROM mysql.user;\r\n\r\n# \u9a57\u8b49\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6b0a\u9650\r\nSHOW GRANTS FOR 'username'@'hostname';\r\n\r\n# \u5efa\u7acb\u5177\u6709\u9060\u7aef\u5b58\u53d6\u6b0a\u9650\u7684\u65b0\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\r\nCREATE USER 'newuser'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';\r\nGRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON database_name.* TO 'newuser'@'%';\r\nFLUSH PRIVILEGES;\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7f8e\u570b\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u9023\u7dda\u7684\u6548\u80fd\u6700\u4f73\u5316<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u5728\u8655\u7406\u7f8e\u570b\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u6642\uff0c\u5ef6\u9072\u548c\u9023\u7dda\u6c60\u6210\u70ba\u95dc\u9375\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u6700\u4f73\u5316\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n
# \u7de8\u8f2fMySQL\u914d\u7f6e\u6a94\u6848\r\nvim \/etc\/mysql\/my.cnf\r\n\r\n[mysqld]\r\nmax_connections = 500\r\nwait_timeout = 600\r\ninteractive_timeout = 600\r\nmax_allowed_packet = 64M\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5c0d\u65bc\u9ad8\u6548\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u8003\u616e\u5be6\u65bd\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9023\u7dda\u6c60\u8a2d\u5b9a\uff1a<\/p>\n
# PHP-FPM\u914d\u7f6e\u7bc4\u4f8b\r\npm = dynamic\r\npm.max_children = 50\r\npm.start_servers = 5\r\npm.min_spare_servers = 5\r\npm.max_spare_servers = 35\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u9032\u968e\u6545\u969c\u6392\u9664\u6280\u8853<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u7576\u57fa\u672c\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u7121\u6cd5\u89e3\u6c7a\u9023\u7dda\u554f\u984c\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u6df1\u5165\u7cfb\u7d71\u5c64\u7d1a\u8a3a\u65b7\uff1a<\/p>\n
# \u6aa2\u67e5MySQL\u932f\u8aa4\u65e5\u8a8c\r\ntail -f \/var\/log\/mysql\/error.log\r\n\r\n# \u76e3\u63a7\u5373\u6642\u9023\u7dda\r\nwatch -n 1 \"mysqladmin status processlist\"\r\n\r\n# \u6aa2\u67e5\u7cfb\u7d71\u8cc7\u6e90\r\nvmstat 1\r\niostat -x 1\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8de8\u5340\u57df\u5b58\u53d6\u6700\u4f73\u5316<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u5c0d\u65bc\u5f9e\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5b58\u53d6\u7f8e\u570bMySQL\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u5be6\u65bd\u9019\u4e9b\u6700\u4f73\u5316\u7b56\u7565\uff1a<\/p>\n
# \u70ba\u9060\u7aef\u9023\u7dda\u555f\u7528\u58d3\u7e2e\r\n[mysqld]\r\nprotocol_compression_algorithms=zlib,zstd,uncompressed\r\n\r\n# \u914d\u7f6eSSL\u4ee5\u5be6\u73fe\u5b89\u5168\u9023\u7dda\r\nssl-ca=\/path\/to\/ca.pem\r\nssl-cert=\/path\/to\/server-cert.pem\r\nssl-key=\/path\/to\/server-key.pem\r\n\r\n# \u9a57\u8b49SSL\u72c0\u614b\r\nSHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%ssl%';\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u9023\u7dda\u6c60\u5be6\u4f5c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u5c0d\u65bc\u9ad8\u6d41\u91cf\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u5be6\u65bd\u9023\u7dda\u6c60\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528ProxySQL\u7684\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
# \u5b89\u88ddProxySQL\r\napt-get install proxysql\r\n\r\n# \u57fa\u672cProxySQL\u914d\u7f6e\r\nmysql_servers =\r\n(\r\n    {\r\n        address=\"primary_host\"\r\n        port=3306\r\n        hostgroup=1\r\n        max_connections=200\r\n    },\r\n    {\r\n        address=\"replica_host\"\r\n        port=3306\r\n        hostgroup=2\r\n        max_connections=100\r\n    }\r\n)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u76e3\u63a7\u548c\u8b66\u5831\u8a2d\u5b9a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u5be6\u65bd\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u76e3\u63a7\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u5728\u9023\u7dda\u554f\u984c\u5f71\u97ff\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e4b\u524d\u767c\u73fe\u5b83\u5011\uff1a<\/p>\n
# Prometheus MySQL Exporter\u914d\u7f6e\r\nglobal:\r\n  scrape_interval: 15s\r\n\r\nscrape_configs:\r\n  - job_name: 'mysql'\r\n    static_configs:\r\n      - targets: ['localhost:9104']\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5b89\u5168\u6700\u4f73\u5be6\u52d9<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u5be6\u65bd\u9019\u4e9b\u5b89\u5168\u63aa\u65bd\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8b77MySQL\u9023\u7dda\u7684\u540c\u6642\u7dad\u6301\u53ef\u5b58\u53d6\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n
# \u914d\u7f6e\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u6b0a\u9650\r\nGRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE ON specific_database.* \r\nTO 'application_user'@'%' \r\nIDENTIFIED BY 'strong_password'\r\nREQUIRE SSL;\r\n\r\n# \u8a2d\u5b9a\u9023\u7dda\u903e\u6642\u7b56\u7565\r\nSET GLOBAL connect_timeout = 10;\r\nSET GLOBAL wait_timeout = 600;\r\nSET GLOBAL interactive_timeout = 600;\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5e38\u898b\u932f\u8aa4\u4ee3\u78bc\u548c\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u89e3\u6c7a\u983b\u7e41\u9023\u7dda\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53c3\u8003\u6307\u5357\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u932f\u8aa4\u4ee3\u78bc<\/th>\n\u63cf\u8ff0<\/th>\n\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Error 1045<\/td>\n\u5b58\u53d6\u88ab\u62d2\u7d55<\/td>\n\u9a57\u8b49\u6191\u8b49\u548c\u6b0a\u9650<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Error 2003<\/td>\n\u7121\u6cd5\u9023\u7dda\u5230MySQL\u4f3a\u670d\u5668<\/td>\n\u6aa2\u67e5\u7db2\u8def\u9023\u7dda\u548c\u9632\u706b\u7246\u898f\u5247<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Error 2013<\/td>\n\u67e5\u8a62\u671f\u9593\u5931\u53bb\u9023\u7dda<\/td>\n\u8abf\u6574\u903e\u6642\u8a2d\u5b9a\u548c\u8cc7\u6599\u5305\u5927\u5c0f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n
\u6548\u80fd\u6e2c\u8a66\u548c\u9a57\u8b49<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u5be6\u65bd\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u5f8c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u4e9b\u6548\u80fd\u6e2c\u8a66\u9a57\u8b49\u60a8\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a<\/p>\n
# \u57fa\u6e96\u9023\u7dda\u5bb9\u91cf\r\nmysqlslap --concurrency=50 --iterations=200 \\\r\n--create-schema=employees \\\r\n--query=\"SELECT * FROM employees LIMIT 100;\"\r\n\r\n# \u76e3\u63a7\u9023\u7dda\u72c0\u614b\r\nmysqladmin extended-status | grep -i \"connections\"\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7d50\u8ad6\u548c\u5f8c\u7e8c\u6b65\u9a5f<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u4e0a\u7dad\u8b77\u53ef\u9760\u7684MySQL\u9023\u7dda\u9700\u8981\u9069\u7576\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u76e3\u63a7\u548c\u6700\u4f73\u5316\u7684\u7d44\u5408\u3002\u5b9a\u671f\u7dad\u8b77\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u65e5\u8a8c\u5206\u6790\u548c\u6548\u80fd\u8abf\u6821\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u9632\u6b62\u9023\u7dda\u554f\u984c\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u8acb\u8a18\u4f4f\u8981\u7cfb\u7d71\u5730\u5be6\u65bd\u9019\u4e9b\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5728\u90e8\u7f72\u5230\u751f\u7522\u74b0\u5883\u4e4b\u524d\u5728\u66ab\u5b58\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u6e2c\u8a66\u6bcf\u500b\u8b8a\u66f4\u3002<\/p>\n
\u70ba\u4e86\u6301\u7e8c\u652f\u63f4\u548c\u6700\u4f73\u5316MySQL\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u9023\u7dda\uff0c\u8003\u616e\u5be6\u65bd\u81ea\u52d5\u76e3\u63a7\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u4e26\u5efa\u7acb\u5b9a\u671f\u7dad\u8b77\u8a08\u756b\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u60a8\u662f\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u79df\u7528\u74b0\u5883\u9084\u662f\u8655\u7406\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u8a17\u7ba1\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5be6\u52d9\u90fd\u5c07\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u78ba\u4fdd\u7a69\u5b9a\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u9023\u7dda\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/body>
\n<\/html><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
MySQL\u9023\u7dda\u932f\u8aa4\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6210\u70ba\u4efb\u4f55\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u9a45\u52d5\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u969c\u7919\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u60a8\u662f\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u7f8e\u570b\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u79df\u7528\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u8655\u7406\u8de8\u5340\u57df […]<\/p>\n
Read More…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":20063,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[267],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20066","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-tc"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u6c7a\u7f8e\u570b\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u4e0a\u7684MySQL\u9023\u7dda\u554f\u984c\uff1f<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u7f8e\u570b\u4f3a\u670d\u5668MySQL\u9023\u7dda\u554f\u984c\u7684\u5168\u9762\u6545\u969c\u6392\u9664\u6307\u5357\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u9632\u706b\u7246\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u6b0a\u9650\u3001\u7db2\u8def\u8a2d\u5b9a\u548c\u6548\u80fd\u6700\u4f73\u5316\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u3002\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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