{"id":36564,"date":"2026-10-12T17:17:05","date_gmt":"2026-10-12T09:17:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.varidata.com\/uncategorized-zh-cn\/why-your-domain-cannot-connect-to-the-server\/"},"modified":"2026-10-12T17:24:05","modified_gmt":"2026-10-12T09:24:05","slug":"why-your-domain-cannot-connect-to-the-server","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.varidata.com\/zh-cn\/blog\/why-your-domain-cannot-connect-to-the-server\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f60\u7684\u57df\u540d\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\n    \u4f60\u8f93\u5165\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 URL\uff0c\u6309\u4e0b\u56de\u8f66\uff0c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u76f4\u8f6c\u5708\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u629b\u51fa\u7f51\u5173\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u793a\u57df\u540d\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u751f\u4ea7\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6258\u7ba1\u6df7\u5408\u90e8\u7f72\u7684\u56e2\u961f\uff0c\u8fd9\u7edd\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u201c\u5c0f\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u2014\u2014\u800c\u662f\u505c\u673a\u3001\u6d41\u91cf\u635f\u5931\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027\u4e2d\u65ad\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e0e\u641c\u7d22\u610f\u56fe\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5728\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u96c6\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u57df\u540d\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3001DNS \u9519\u8bef\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.varidata.com\/zh-cn\/server\/hk\/cn2\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/a>\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6258\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u7ec4\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9a6c\u4e0a\u8f6c\u5165\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6392\u969c\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\n  <\/p>\n<p>\n    \u672c\u6587\u9762\u5411\u6280\u672f\u8bfb\u8005\uff0c\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u5df2\u7ecf\u719f\u6089\u6570\u636e\u5305\u6d41\u5411\u3001Shell \u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u65e5\u5fd7\u9605\u8bfb\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ed9\u51fa\u6cdb\u6cdb\u800c\u8c08\u7684\u201c\u6280\u5de7\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6df1\u5165\u62c6\u89e3\u8bf7\u6c42\u8def\u5f84\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\u7684\uff1a\u4ece DNS \u89e3\u6790\u3001TCP \u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff0c\u5230 TLS \u5efa\u8fde\u3001HTTP \u8def\u7531\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8de8\u5883\u94fe\u8def\u63a5\u5165\u9999\u6e2f\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e00\u4e9b\u770b\u4f3c\u7ec6\u5c0f\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u95ee\u9898\u4f1a\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u7279\u5b9a\u533a\u57df\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6545\u969c\u3002\n  <\/p>\n<h2><strong>1. \u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u8def\u5f84\u6a21\u578b\u5f00\u59cb<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\n    \u5728\u4f60\u6253\u5f00\u4efb\u4f55\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u5728\u8111\u4e2d\u628a\u8bf7\u6c42\u4ece\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u6807\u7b7e\u9875\u8d70\u5230\u9999\u6e2f\u673a\u67dc\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0a\u7ed1\u5b9a\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5b8c\u6574\u753b\u4e00\u904d\u3002\u6d41\u7a0b\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u8033\u719f\u80fd\u8be6\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u6709\u628a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u90fd\u663e\u5f0f\u60f3\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u6545\u969c\u5206\u7c7b\u624d\u4f1a\u771f\u6b63\u53d8\u5f97\u7b80\u5355\u3002\n  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u6b65\u9aa4 1 \u2013 DNS \u67e5\u8be2\uff1a<\/strong> \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5c06\u4f60\u7684\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a IP \u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6b65\u9aa4 2 \u2013 \u8def\u7531\u4e0e\u63e1\u624b\uff1a<\/strong> \u6570\u636e\u5305\u6cbf\u7740\u7f51\u7edc\u8def\u5f84\u524d\u8fdb\uff0c\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668 IP \u5b8c\u6210 TCP \u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6b65\u9aa4 3 \u2013 TLS\uff08\u5982\u679c\u542f\u7528\uff09\uff1a<\/strong> \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u534f\u5546\u5bc6\u7801\u5957\u4ef6\u548c\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6b65\u9aa4 4 \u2013 HTTP \u5c42\uff1a<\/strong> Web \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63a5\u6536 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u8def\u7531\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\u6216\u5e94\u7528\u6808\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6b65\u9aa4 5 \u2013 \u5e94\u7528\u903b\u8f91\uff1a<\/strong> \u4f60\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6216\u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u5e76\u5199\u56de\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n    \u5f53\u51fa\u73b0\u201c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fde\u63a5\u201d\u8fd9\u7c7b\u63d0\u793a\u65f6\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u901a\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u524d\u9762\u4e00\u5230\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u7b2c\u56db\u6216\u7b2c\u4e94\u9636\u6bb5\u5b58\u5728\u9519\u8bef\u8def\u7531\u6216\u5e94\u7528\u6545\u969c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4ee5\u8d85\u65f6\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u88ab\u8bef\u89e3\u6210\u7f51\u7edc\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f60\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u662f\u51c6\u786e\u9501\u5b9a\u94fe\u6761\u65ad\u88c2\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\n  <\/p>\n<h2><strong>2. \u662f\u57df\u540d\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u95ee\u9898\uff1f<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\n    \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u4e00\u4e0a\u6765\u5c31\u76f2\u76ee\u4fee\u6539 DNS \u8bb0\u5f55\u6216\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5148\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5feb\u901f\u5206\u8bca\uff0c\u5224\u65ad\u6545\u969c\u662f\u505c\u7559\u5728\u57df\u540d\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c42\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fdb\u5165\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c42\u3002\n  <\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n      <strong>\u5206\u522b Ping \u57df\u540d\u4e0e IP\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\n      \u8fd0\u884c <code>ping yourdomain.com<\/code> \u548c <code>ping &lt;server-ip&gt;<\/code>\u3002<br \/>\n      \u5982\u679c IP \u6709\u54cd\u5e94\u800c\u57df\u540d\u65e0\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u591a\u534a\u662f DNS \u6216\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u5219\u8bf4\u660e\u8def\u7531\u6216\u4e3b\u673a\u53ef\u80fd\u5b95\u673a\u3002\n    <\/li>\n<li>\n      <strong>\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\n      \u5bf9\u6bd4\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u5bbd\u5e26\u3001\u79fb\u52a8 4G\/5G \u4ee5\u53ca\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5176\u4ed6\u533a\u57df\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u63a2\u9488\uff09\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5f88\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\uff1a\u6d77\u5916\u8bbf\u95ee\u6b63\u5e38\uff0c\u4f46\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u5374\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\n    <\/li>\n<li>\n      <strong>\u5c1d\u8bd5\u539f\u59cb TCP \u8fde\u901a\u6027\u68c0\u6d4b\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\n      \u4f7f\u7528 <code>nc -vz &lt;server-ip&gt; 80<\/code> \u6216 <code>telnet &lt;server-ip&gt; 443<\/code> \u9a8c\u8bc1\u7aef\u53e3\u8fde\u901a\u3002DNS \u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\u4f9d\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u628a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u9759\u9ed8\u4e22\u5f03\u3002\n    <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\n    \u5728\u5f88\u591a\u4e8b\u6545\u590d\u76d8\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u95ee\u9898\u2014\u2014\u201c\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u57df\u540d\u5c42\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c42\uff1f\u201d\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u672a\u88ab\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u95ee\u8fc7\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u56e2\u961f\u82b1\u4e86\u597d\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u8c03\u9519\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\n  <\/p>\n<h2><strong>3. DNS \u4e0e\u57df\u540d\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u539f\u56e0<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\n    \u5982\u679c\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\u663e\u793a\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u89e3\u6790\u7ed3\u679c\u524d\u540e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u628a\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728 DNS \u5c42\u9762\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u65f6\u4e0d\u65f6\u4f4e\u4f30\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d DNS \u7f13\u5b58\u548c TTL \u7684\u201c\u7c98\u6027\u201d\u3002\n  <\/p>\n<h2><strong>3.1 \u914d\u9519\u6216\u7f3a\u5931\u7684 DNS \u8bb0\u5f55<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\n    \u6700\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u6545\u969c\u5f80\u5f80\u6700\u7b80\u5355\uff1aA \u6216 AAAA \u8bb0\u5f55\u5199\u9519\u3001\u7f3a\u5931\uff0c\u6216\u4ecd\u7136\u6307\u5411\u5df2\u7ecf\u9000\u5f79\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\n  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n      <strong>\u7f3a\u5c11 A\/AAAA \u8bb0\u5f55\uff1a<\/strong> \u57df\u540d\u8fd4\u56de NXDOMAIN \u6216 SERVFAIL\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u201c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8fde\u63a5\u201d\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u3002\n    <\/li>\n<li>\n      <strong>IP \u9519\u8bef\uff1a<\/strong> \u6d41\u91cf\u88ab\u5bfc\u5411\u53e6\u4e00\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\u65e7\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5df2\u7ecf\u505c\u673a\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5448\u73b0\u5404\u79cd\u968f\u673a\u7684 HTTP \u9519\u8bef\u6216\u4e91\u5382\u5546\u9ed8\u8ba4\u9875\u9762\u3002\n    <\/li>\n<li>\n      <strong>CNAME \u94fe\u8def\u5f02\u5e38\uff1a<\/strong> \u590d\u6742\u7684 CNAME \u94fe\u6761\uff08CNAME\u2192CNAME\u2192A\uff09\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u9519\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4e0e CDN \u670d\u52a1\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u6df7\u642d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u3002\n    <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n    \u4f7f\u7528 <code>dig yourdomain.com +trace<\/code> \u6216 <code>nslookup yourdomain.com<\/code> \u5bf9\u591a\u4e2a\u516c\u5171\u89e3\u6790\u5668\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 8.8.8.8 \u548c 1.1.1.1\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u6821\u9a8c\u6743\u5a01\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9999\u6e2f\u90e8\u7f72\uff0c\u8981\u7279\u522b\u786e\u8ba4\u89e3\u6790\u51fa\u6765\u7684 IP \u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u662f\u76ee\u6807\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6b8b\u7559\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u4e91\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\n  <\/p>\n<h2><strong>3.2 DNS \u4f20\u64ad\u4e0e\u7f13\u5b58\u6b8b\u5f71<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\n    \u5f53\u4f60\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u673a\u623f\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fc1\u79fb\u670d\u52a1\u65f6\uff0c\u9891\u7e41\u66f4\u65b0 DNS \u662f\u5bb6\u5e38\u4fbf\u996d\uff0c\u4f46 TTL \u503c\u4e0e\u9012\u5f52\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u52a0\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u8db3\u4ee5\u628a\u4f60\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u51e0\u5206\u949f\u201d\u62c9\u957f\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u7528\u6237\u773c\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u51e0\u5c0f\u65f6\u201d\u3002\n  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n      <strong>\u6765\u81ea\u65e7\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u9ad8 TTL\uff1a<\/strong> \u8001 IP \u4f1a\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\u201c\u6325\u4e4b\u4e0d\u53bb\u201d\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u8fd0\u884c\u5185\u90e8\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\n    <\/li>\n<li>\n      <strong>\u7ec8\u7aef\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7f13\u5b58\uff1a<\/strong> \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u81ea\u5df1\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65f6\u7ecf\u5e38\u5728\u70ed\u7f13\u5b58\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u8fd9\u4e0e\u9996\u6b21\u8bbf\u95ee\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\n    <\/li>\n<li>\n      <strong>\u9012\u5f52\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u5237\u65b0\u8fdf\u7f13\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e00\u4e9b ISP \u89e3\u6790\u5668\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e25\u683c\u9075\u5b88\u4f4e TTL\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u8fdc\u8d85\u51fa DNS \u89c4\u8303\u4e2d\u4f60\u6240\u671f\u671b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd4\u56de\u9648\u65e7\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\n    <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n    \u4e3a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4f20\u64ad\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u201c\u6307\u5b9a\u533a\u57df DNS \u67e5\u8be2\u201d\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u6743\u5a01 DNS \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6765\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6b63\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u505a\u6545\u969c\u5207\u6362\uff0c\u8fc1\u79fb\u7a97\u53e3\u5185\u5e94\u5c3d\u91cf\u4fdd\u6301 TTL \u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u65b0\u62d3\u6251\u5b8c\u5168\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e4b\u540e\u518d\u8c03\u9ad8\u3002\n  <\/p>\n<h2><strong>3.3 \u57df\u540d\u8fc7\u671f\u6216\u88ab\u6682\u505c<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\n    \u8fd9\u542c\u4e0a\u53bb\u975e\u5e38\u201c\u4e0d\u6280\u672f\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u57df\u540d\u8fc7\u671f\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u4e8b\u6545\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6708\u90fd\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u5728\u9ad8\u8d1f\u8f7d\u3001\u544a\u8b66\u566a\u58f0\u7684\u73af\u5883\u91cc\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u7eed\u8d39\u63d0\u9192\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u6df9\u6ca1\u3002\n  <\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u7528 <code>whois yourdomain.com<\/code> \u68c0\u67e5\u57df\u540d\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u767b\u5f55\u6ce8\u518c\u5546\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u57df\u540d\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u5165\u8d4e\u56de\u671f\u6216 clientHold \u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u7528\u4e8e\u627f\u8f7d\u5173\u952e\u9999\u6e2f\u673a\u67dc\u6216\u673a\u67b6\u524d\u7aef\u57df\u540d\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u90ae\u7bb1\u548c\u4ed8\u6b3e\u65b9\u5f0f\u90fd\u4fdd\u6301\u6709\u6548\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\n    \u5904\u4e8e clientHold \u72b6\u6001\u7684\u57df\u540d\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u88ab\u4ece\u6839\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u201c\u62d4\u6389\u201d\uff1a\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u4e0d\u518d\u8fd4\u56de\u4efb\u4f55\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u770b\u5230\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u800c\u4f60\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e5f\u4f1a\u77ac\u95f4\u5f52\u4e8e\u6c89\u5bc2\u3002\n  <\/p>\n<h2><strong>4. \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u8fbe\u6027\uff1a\u8def\u7531\u3001\u9632\u706b\u5899\u4e0e\u7aef\u53e3<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\n    \u5f53 DNS \u5e94\u7b54\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u6beb\u65e0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46 TCP \u8fde\u63a5\u4ecd\u7136\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\uff0c\u6545\u969c\u901a\u5e38\u5c31\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u8fb9\u7f18\u8def\u7531\u4e0e\u672c\u5730\u5305\u8fc7\u6ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u5bf9\u9999\u6e2f\u673a\u623f\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u53c8\u591a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a\u8de8\u5883\u5e26\u5bbd\u7b56\u7565\u4e0e\u62e5\u585e\u3002\n  <\/p>\n<h2><strong>4.1 \u4e3b\u673a\u5b95\u673a\u3001\u5d29\u6e83\u6216\u8d44\u6e90\u67af\u7aed<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\n    \u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fde SYN-ACK \u90fd\u56de\u4e0d\u53bb\uff0c\u57df\u540d\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u201c\u8fde\u201d\u5230\u5b83\u3002\u5148\u786e\u8ba4\u865a\u62df\u673a\u6216\u7269\u7406\u673a\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u51b5\u3002\n  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n      <strong>\u865a\u62df\u5316\u5c42\u6216\u5185\u6838\u5d29\u6e83\uff1a<\/strong> \u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5546\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u91cc\u5b9e\u4f8b\u8fd8\u201c\u5728\u7ebf\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5df2\u7ecf\u5361\u6b7b\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a5\u53d7\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\n    <\/li>\n<li>\n      <strong>CPU \u6216\u5185\u5b58\u8017\u5c3d\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e3b\u673a\u4ece\u76d1\u63a7\u4e0a\u770b\u662f\u201cUp\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u8d1f\u8d23\u7f51\u7edc I\/O \u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5374\u997f\u5f97\u62ac\u4e0d\u8d77\u5934\u3002\n    <\/li>\n<li>\n      <strong>\u78c1\u76d8\u538b\u529b\uff1a<\/strong> \u65e5\u5fd7\u6216 Swap \u5835\u585e\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4 Web \u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u5f7b\u5e95\u5d29\u6389\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u5df2\u5931\u53bb\u54cd\u5e94\u80fd\u529b\u3002\n    <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n    \u4ece\u540c\u4e00\u9999\u6e2f\u673a\u623f\u5185\u4e00\u53f0\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u8df3\u677f\u673a\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c <code>top<\/code>\u3001<code>free -m<\/code> \u548c <code>iostat<\/code> \u7b49\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8fd9\u51e0\u5206\u949f\u5185\u7684\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u770b\u6545\u969c\u662f\u5426\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u5cf0\u503c\u65f6\u95f4\u543b\u5408\u3002\n  <\/p>\n<h2><strong>4.2 \u9632\u706b\u5899\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u7ec4<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\n    \u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u5bfc\u81f4\u201c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u62a5\u9519\uff0c\u4f46\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u575a\u79f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e00\u5207\u6b63\u5e38\u201d\u7684\u9ad8\u9891\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4ece\u5916\u90e8\u770b\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u9632\u706b\u5899\u6216\u5b89\u5168\u7ec4\u91cc\u7684\u4e22\u5305\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u548c\u4e3b\u673a\u5b95\u673a\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u533a\u522b\u3002\n  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n      <strong>\u4e3b\u673a\u9632\u706b\u5899\uff1a<\/strong> \u5982 <code>iptables<\/code>\u3001<code>nftables<\/code> \u6216 Windows \u9632\u706b\u5899\u963b\u65ad\u4e86 TCP 80\/443 \u5165\u7ad9\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ec5\u5141\u8bb8\u6781\u5c0f\u7684\u6e90 IP \u8303\u56f4\u3002\n    <\/li>\n<li>\n      <strong>\u670d\u52a1\u5546\u4fa7\u5b89\u5168\u7ec4\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e00\u4e9b\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u63a7\u5236\u9762\u677f\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u8fb9\u7f18\u5b9a\u4e49 ACL\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u663e\u5f0f\u5f00\u653e HTTP \u548c HTTPS\u3002\n    <\/li>\n<li>\n      <strong>\u5165\u4fb5\u9632\u5fa1\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1a<\/strong> \u8fc7\u4e8e\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684 IDS \u6216 WAF \u5728\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u201c\u8fc7\u591a\u8bf7\u6c42\u201d\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u538b\u6d4b\u6216\u722c\u866b\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u62c9\u9ed1\u8be5\u6e90 IP\u3002\n    <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n    \u5728 Linux \u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528 <code>iptables -L -n -v<\/code> \u6216 <code>nft list ruleset<\/code> \u7b49\u547d\u4ee4\u68c0\u67e5\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5e76\u540c\u6b65\u6838\u5bf9\u4e91\u7aef\u5b89\u5168\u7ec4\u914d\u7f6e\u754c\u9762\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f60\u786e\u8ba4\u4e0d\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u9ed1\u540d\u5355\u91cc\u7684\u5e72\u51c0\u6d4b\u8bd5 IP \u53d1\u8d77\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u5b9e\u9645\u6548\u679c\u3002\n  <\/p>\n<h2><strong>4.3 \u7aef\u53e3\u4e0e\u76d1\u542c\u914d\u7f6e\u9519\u8bef<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\n    \u53e6\u4e00\u7c7b\u6bd4\u8f83\u201c\u5fae\u5999\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u4e3b\u673a\u5728\u76d1\u542c\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u671f\u671b\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\n  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n      <strong>\u670d\u52a1\u53ea\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u672c\u5730\u56de\u73af\u5730\u5740\uff1a<\/strong> Nginx \u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4ee3\u7406\u53ea\u76d1\u542c\u5728 <code>127.0.0.1:80<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u516c\u7f51\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\n    <\/li>\n<li>\n      <strong>\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u6807\u51c6\u7aef\u53e3\u5374\u672a\u6b63\u786e\u8f6c\u53d1\uff1a<\/strong> \u4f60\u66fe\u4e34\u65f6\u5c06 HTTP \u5207\u5230 8080 \u505a\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u5374\u5fd8\u4e86\u540c\u6b65\u66f4\u65b0\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u6216\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\n    <\/li>\n<li>\n      <strong>\u540c\u4e00\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u591a\u5957 Web \u6808\uff1a<\/strong> \u65e7\u670d\u52a1\u4ecd\u7136\u5360\u7528 80 \u6216 443\uff0c\u4f7f\u65b0\u5b9e\u4f8b\u542f\u52a8\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u88ab\u8feb\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u7aef\u53e3\u800c\u65e0\u4eba\u77e5\u6653\u3002\n    <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n    \u4f7f\u7528 <code>ss -tulpn<\/code> \u6216 <code>netstat -tulpn<\/code> \u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684 IP\/\u7aef\u53e3\u7ec4\u5408\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5e94\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e26\u786c\u4ef6\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7684\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6258\u7ba1\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u6838\u5bf9 NAT \u4e0e\u8f6c\u53d1\u89c4\u5219\u662f\u5426\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b9e\u9645\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\n  <\/p>\n<h2><strong>4.4 \u8de8\u5883\u8def\u7531\u4e0e\u65f6\u5ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\n    \u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u57df\u540d\u4ece\u9999\u6e2f\u672c\u5730\u6d4b\u8bd5\u673a\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e00\u5207\u6b63\u5e38\uff0c\u4f46\u6765\u81ea\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u6216\u5730\u533a\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5374\u9891\u7e41\u8d85\u65f6\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u8f6f\u4ef6\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7ec8\u7aef\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0e\u673a\u67dc\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u51fa\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\u3002\n  <\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n      \u4ece\u4e24\u7aef\u5206\u522b\u8fd0\u884c <code>traceroute<\/code> \u6216 <code>mtr<\/code>\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e2d\u95f4\u8df3\u70b9\u4e0e\u4e22\u5305\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\n    <\/li>\n<li>\n      \u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e0d\u540c\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\uff1b\u67d0\u6761\u7ebf\u8def\u4e25\u91cd\u62e5\u585e\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u6761\u5374\u7545\u901a\u65e0\u963b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u975e\u5e38\u5e38\u89c1\u3002\n    <\/li>\n<li>\n      \u5728\u6761\u4ef6\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u7528\u6237\u6240\u5728\u533a\u57df\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u6216\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\uff09\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u5bf9\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u9999\u6e2f\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u4e0e BGP \u7b56\u7565\u3002\n    <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\n    \u5982\u679c\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25\u4e0e\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6216\u9ad8\u5cf0\u65f6\u6bb5\u9ad8\u5ea6\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u628a\u6839\u56e0\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e3a\u8def\u7531\u6216\u5bf9\u7b49\u4e92\u8054\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u5f52\u548e\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e2a\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u201c\u4e0d\u542c\u8bdd\u201d\u3002\n  <\/p>\n<h2><strong>5. Web \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u7684\u9519\u8bef<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\n    \u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u201c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fde\u63a5\u201d\u62b1\u6028\u90fd\u771f\u7684\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5e95\u5c42\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\u8def\u7531\u9519\u8bef\u6216\u4e0a\u6e38\u540e\u7aef\u6545\u969c\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u770b\u5230\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u52a0\u8f7d\u8f6c\u5708\u6216\u901a\u7528\u9519\u8bef\u9875\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8bef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u57df\u540d\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\n  <\/p>\n<h2><strong>5.1 \u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0e\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u6df7\u4e71<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\n    \u5f53\u591a\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u540c\u65f6\u843d\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u53f0\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u65f6\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e Host \u5934\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u914d\u7f6e\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5355\u70b9\u6545\u969c\u3002\n  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n      <strong>\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e3b\u673a\uff1a<\/strong> \u5bf9\u5e94\u57df\u540d\u4ece\u672a\u5728\u4efb\u4f55 server block \u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e\u8fc7\uff0c\u8bf7\u6c42\u53ea\u80fd\u843d\u5230\u9ed8\u8ba4\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u90a3\u91cc\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7a7a\u7684\u3002\n    <\/li>\n<li>\n      <strong>\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u4e0a\u6e38\u540e\u7aef\uff1a<\/strong> Nginx \u6216 HAProxy \u88ab\u914d\u7f6e\u6210\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0b\u7ebf\u6216\u8fd0\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7248\u672c\u7684\u4e0a\u6e38\u3002\n    <\/li>\n<li>\n      <strong>\u65e0\u9650\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5faa\u73af\uff1a<\/strong> \u914d\u9519\u7684 <code>rewrite<\/code> \u6216 HTTPS \u8df3\u8f6c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6237\u5728 HTTP \u4e0e HTTPS \u4e4b\u95f4\u6765\u56de\u8df3\u8f6c\u76f4\u81f3\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u653e\u5f03\u3002\n    <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n    \u68c0\u67e5\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u5e72\u8dd1\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982 <code>nginx -t<\/code> \u6216 <code>apachectl configtest<\/code>\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee IP\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u624b\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e Host \u5934\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 <code>curl -H \"Host: yourdomain.com\" http:\/\/&lt;ip&gt;<\/code>\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u786e\u8ba4\u8bf7\u6c42\u6700\u7ec8\u843d\u5165\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\u3002\n  <\/p>\n<h2><strong>5.2 \u4f2a\u88c5\u6210\u7f51\u7edc\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u6545\u969c<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\n    \u5373\u4f7f TCP \u4e0e TLS \u4e00\u5207\u6b63\u5e38\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u6808\u5728\u9ad8\u8d1f\u8f7d\u6216\u9519\u8bef\u53d1\u5e03\u540e\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6574\u4f53\u584c\u9677\u3002\u7528\u6237\u770b\u5230\u7684\u662f\u6cdb\u6cdb\u7684\u7f51\u5173\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u57df\u540d\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6839\u56e0\u5219\u6df1\u85cf\u5728\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\n  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n      <strong>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u8017\u5c3d\uff1a<\/strong> Web \u5de5\u4f5c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u88ab\u8feb\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5168\u90e8\u8d85\u65f6\u3002\n    <\/li>\n<li>\n      <strong>\u65e0\u754c\u961f\u5217\uff1a<\/strong> \u90ae\u4ef6\u3001\u8ba1\u8d39\u6216\u5206\u6790\u7b49\u540e\u53f0\u4efb\u52a1\u5806\u79ef\uff0c\u62d6\u6162\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\n    <\/li>\n<li>\n      <strong>\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u4e0e\u5d29\u6e83\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e0a\u7ebf\u540e\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u51fa\u73b0\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u53cd\u590d\u62c9\u8d77\u4e0b\u4e0d\u65ad\u91cd\u542f\u3002\n    <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n    \u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u662f\u5e94\u7528\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001APM \u94fe\u8def\u8ffd\u8e2a\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u7c7b\u9971\u548c\u5ea6\u6307\u6807\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65e2\u627f\u8f7d\u516c\u7f51\u6d41\u91cf\u53c8\u627f\u8f7d\u5185\u90e8 API \u7684\u9999\u6e2f\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u6309\u89d2\u8272\u62c6\u5206\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u5608\u6742\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u63a9\u76d6\u5bf9\u5916\u8fde\u63a5\u95ee\u9898\u3002\n  <\/p>\n<h2><strong>5.3 TLS \u4e0e\u8bc1\u4e66\u9677\u9631<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\n    HTTPS \u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u6807\u914d\uff0c\u4f46\u8bc1\u4e66\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5931\u8bef\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u66f4\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u4ee3\u7406\u4e0a\u3002\n  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n      <strong>\u8bc1\u4e66\u8fc7\u671f\uff1a<\/strong> \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5f39\u51fa\u5b89\u5168\u8b66\u544a\u9875\uff1b\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u548c API \u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u62d2\u7edd\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\n      <strong>\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\uff1a<\/strong> \u8bc1\u4e66\u7684 Common Name \u6216 SAN \u4e0e\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u57df\u540d\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\n      <strong>\u4e2d\u95f4\u8bc1\u4e66\u94fe\u7f3a\u5931\uff1a<\/strong> \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd4\u56de\u4e2d\u95f4 CA \u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8001\u65e7\u6216\u66f4\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n    \u901a\u8fc7 <code>openssl s_client -connect yourdomain.com:443 -servername yourdomain.com<\/code> \u7b49\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u7ebf TLS \u6d4b\u8bd5\u670d\u52a1\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c TLS \u7ec8\u6b62\u662f\u5728\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5668\u6216\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5e94\u7528\u4e3b\u673a\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec8\u6b62\u70b9\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u5e76\u5904\u4e8e\u8bc1\u4e66\u5230\u671f\u76d1\u63a7\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002\n  <\/p>\n<h2><strong>6. \u6765\u81ea\u672c\u5730\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0e\u7ec8\u7aef\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u201c\u4f2a\u6545\u969c\u201d<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\n    \u7528\u6237\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u62a5\u969c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u90fd\u610f\u5473\u7740\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7ebf\u4e0a\u6545\u969c\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u4ec5\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u7528\u6237\u672c\u5730\uff0c\u4f46\u9519\u8bef\u63d0\u793a\u7684\u63aa\u8f9e\u5374\u8ba9\u4eba\u8bef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u662f\u8fdc\u7aef\u57df\u540d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\n  <\/p>\n<h2><strong>6.1 \u672c\u5730\u7f51\u7edc\u7b56\u7565\u4e0e DNS \u8986\u5199<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\n    \u4f01\u4e1a\u6216\u6821\u56ed\u7f51\u7edc\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u8fc7\u6ee4\u51fa\u7ad9\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u6307\u5411\u5883\u5916\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002\n  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n      <strong>\u51fa\u53e3\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\uff1a<\/strong> \u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u9650\u5236 HTTP \u6216 HTTPS \u8bbf\u95ee\u53ea\u80fd\u524d\u5f80\u6709\u9650\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\n      <strong>\u5185\u90e8 DNS \u8986\u5199\uff1a<\/strong> \u7ec4\u7ec7\u4f1a\u628a\u7279\u5b9a\u57df\u540d\u91cd\u5199\u5230\u5185\u7f51 IP \u6216\u201c\u9ed1\u6d1e\u201d\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\n      <strong>\u900f\u660e\u4ee3\u7406\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e2d\u95f4\u76d2\u4f1a\u52a8\u6001\u52ab\u6301 HTTP \u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406 TLS \u6216 SNI \u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n    \u53ef\u4ee5\u8981\u6c42\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u7528\u6237\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u4e2d\u7acb\u73af\u5883\u201d\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u624b\u673a\u79fb\u52a8\u7f51\u7edc\uff09\u518d\u6b21\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u73af\u5883\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53cd\u5dee\uff0c\u4f1a\u975e\u5e38\u76f4\u89c2\u5730\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\uff0c\u8be5\u53bb\u6392\u67e5\u9999\u6e2f\u4fa7\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5efa\u8bae\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u5176\u5185\u90e8 IT \u56e2\u961f\u6c9f\u901a\u3002\n  <\/p>\n<h2><strong>6.2 \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u3001\u63d2\u4ef6\u4e0e\u7ec8\u7aef\u5b89\u5168\u8f6f\u4ef6\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\n    \u73b0\u4ee3\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u3001\u5e7f\u544a\u62e6\u622a\u63d2\u4ef6\u548c\u7ec8\u7aef\u5b89\u5168\u5957\u4ef6\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u4f1a\u4ee5\u5404\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5e72\u9884\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u5236\u9020\u770b\u4f3c\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5047\u8c61\u3002\n  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n      <strong>\u8fc7\u5ea6\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684 HTTPS \u68c0\u67e5\uff1a<\/strong> \u67d0\u4e9b\u6740\u6bd2\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4f1a\u52a8\u6001\u91cd\u65b0\u7b7e\u540d\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7834\u574f\u4e00\u4e9b\u73b0\u4ee3 TLS \u7279\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\n      <strong>\u5e7f\u544a\u62e6\u622a\u4e0e\u9690\u79c1\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff1a<\/strong> \u6269\u5c55\u4f1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u5217\u8868\u963b\u65ad\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u8bef\u4f24\u6b63\u5e38\u4e1a\u52a1\u57df\u540d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\n      <strong>\u9648\u65e7\u7684 HSTS \u7b56\u7565\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e00\u65e6\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u542f\u7528 HSTS\uff0c\u800c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef HTTPS \u914d\u7f6e\u51fa\u73b0\u5dee\u9519\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u90fd\u4f1a\u77ac\u95f4\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n    \u5373\u4fbf\u5728\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6280\u672f\u5316\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f20\u7edf\u6392\u969c\u6b65\u9aa4\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u6548\u2014\u2014\u5c1d\u8bd5\u66f4\u6362\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u9690\u79c1\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6362\u4e00\u53f0\u5e72\u51c0\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u5728\u4e0b\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e4b\u524d\u5148\u6536\u96c6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f1a\u6bd4\u76f4\u63a5\u5224\u5b9a\u201c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6302\u4e86\u201d\u66f4\u9760\u8c31\u3002\n  <\/p>\n<h2><strong>7. \u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\u7684\u6392\u969c\u624b\u518c<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\n    \u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u5728\u4e8b\u6545\u4e2d\u4e34\u573a\u53d1\u6325\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u63d0\u524d\u51c6\u5907\u4e00\u4efd\u7b80\u660e\u4f46\u201c\u6709\u6001\u5ea6\u201d\u7684\u201c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fde\u63a5\u57df\u540d\u201d\u573a\u666f\u6392\u969c\u624b\u518c\u3002\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u964d\u4f4e\u62cd\u8111\u888b\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u8ba9\u503c\u73ed\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u6709\u4e00\u4efd\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6e05\u5355\u3002\n  <\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n      <strong>\u68c0\u67e5 DNS \u89e3\u6790\uff1a<\/strong> \u7528 <code>dig<\/code> \u6216 <code>nslookup<\/code> \u81f3\u5c11\u4ece\u4e24\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u53d1\u8d77\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u9884\u671f\u7684\u9999\u6e2f IP \u4e00\u81f4\uff0cTTL \u5408\u7406\u3002\n    <\/li>\n<li>\n      <strong>\u6d4b\u8bd5\u539f\u59cb\u8fde\u901a\u6027\uff1a<\/strong> \u8fd0\u884c <code>ping<\/code>\u3001<code>traceroute<\/code> \u4ee5\u53ca <code>nc -vz &lt;ip&gt; 80<\/code>\/<code>443<\/code>\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u65f6\u5ef6\u3001\u4e22\u5305\u7387\u548c\u63e1\u624b\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f\u3002\n    <\/li>\n<li>\n      <strong>\u68c0\u67e5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u72b6\u6001\uff1a<\/strong> \u901a\u8fc7\u5e26\u5916\u7ba1\u7406\u6216\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u6838\u5bf9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5217\u8868\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d1f\u8f7d\u548c\u53ef\u7528\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\n    <\/li>\n<li>\n      <strong>\u9a8c\u8bc1\u9632\u706b\u5899\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u7ec4\uff1a<\/strong> \u540c\u65f6\u68c0\u67e5\u4e3b\u673a\u5c42\u4e0e\u4e91\u7aef\u4fa7\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u9884\u671f\u7aef\u53e3\u548c CIDR \u8303\u56f4\u5df2\u653e\u884c\u3002\n    <\/li>\n<li>\n      <strong>\u786e\u8ba4 Web \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e TLS \u914d\u7f6e\uff1a<\/strong> \u8fd0\u884c\u914d\u7f6e\u81ea\u68c0\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\u8def\u7531\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bc1\u4e66\u4e0e\u4fe1\u4efb\u94fe\u3002\n    <\/li>\n<li>\n      <strong>\u786e\u8ba4\u5e94\u7528\u5065\u5eb7\u5ea6\uff1a<\/strong> \u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u7387\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u7c7b\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u5206\u5e03\u6307\u6807\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\n      <strong>\u5bf9\u7167\u771f\u5b9e\u7528\u6237\u89c6\u89d2\uff1a<\/strong> \u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0d\u540c\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\/\u5730\u533a\u548c\u8bbe\u5907\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8bc6\u522b\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\n    \u6709\u4e00\u4efd\u7cbe\u70bc\u7684 Runbook\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u8ba9\u4f60\u4e0e\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6258\u7ba1\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u7684\u652f\u6301\u56e2\u961f\u5728\u8054\u5408\u5e94\u6025\u65f6\u4fdd\u6301\u540c\u9891\u3002\n  <\/p>\n<h2><strong>8. \u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6258\u7ba1\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u8003\u91cf<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\n    \u628a\u4e1a\u52a1\u90e8\u7f72\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e2\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u90fd\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u201c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fde\u63a5\u201d\u7c7b\u6295\u8bc9\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u9891\u7387\u3002\n  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n      <strong>\u5bf9\u8de8\u5883\u65f6\u5ef6\u654f\u611f\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\uff1a<\/strong> \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u6237\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u6216\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u4f18\u5148\u8003\u8651\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8def\u5f84\u4f18\u5316\u8fc7\u7684\u9999\u6e2f\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u4e0e\u5bf9\u7b49\u7b56\u7565\u3002\n    <\/li>\n<li>\n      <strong>\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528 + \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6258\u7ba1\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u90e8\u7f72\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u670d\u52a1\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u6258\u7ba1\u786c\u4ef6\u4e0a\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5219\u5728\u4f60\u81ea\u6709\u673a\u67dc\u4e2d\u3002\u9700\u8981\u628a\u53d8\u66f4\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u7edf\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\u3002\n    <\/li>\n<li>\n      <strong>\u8de8\u673a\u623f\u5197\u4f59\uff1a<\/strong> \u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6216\u53ef\u7528\u533a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5bf9\u51b2\u7279\u5b9a\u673a\u623f\u5c40\u90e8\u6545\u969c\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n    \u9009\u62e9\u5408\u4f5c\u4f19\u4f34\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u53ea\u770b\u5e26\u5bbd\u548c\u4ef7\u683c\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u8bc4\u4f30\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u8def\u7531\u8bca\u65ad\u3001BGP \u793e\u533a\u6807\u8bb0\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e26\u5916\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u652f\u6301\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u5bf9\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u770b\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u51fa\u67d0\u4e2a\u673a\u67dc\uff0c\u4ef7\u503c\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7\u51e0\u5757\u94b1\u7684\u5e26\u5bbd\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\n  <\/p>\n<h2><strong>9. \u6536\u5c3e\u601d\u8003<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\n    \u4e00\u4e2a\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u201c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fde\u63a5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u201d\u7684\u57df\u540d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u5927\u7c7b\u8de8\u8d8a DNS\u3001\u8def\u7531\u3001TLS\u3001\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ee5\u53ca\u7528\u6237\u73af\u5883\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u6027\u6545\u969c\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4e14\u6df7\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6258\u7ba1\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6700\u7a33\u5065\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u5403\u900f\u8bf7\u6c42\u8def\u5f84\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u5e76\u575a\u6301\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u6392\u969c\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6d4b\u8bd5\u89e3\u6790\u7ed3\u679c\u3001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u3001\u5ba1\u67e5\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\u4ee5\u53ca\u9605\u8bfb\u6838\u5fc3\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u544a\u8b66\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f9d\u9760\u4e0d\u65ad\u8bd5\u9519\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u8bed\u4e49\u4e0a\u4e0e\u641c\u7d22\u4fdd\u6301\u95ed\u73af\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u63a7\u5236\u91cd\u590d\u5ea6\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5728\u7ed3\u5c3e\u5904\u518d\u6b21\u4ee5\u7d27\u51d1\u5f62\u5f0f\u63d0\u53ca\u57df\u540d\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3001DNS 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