{"id":36341,"date":"2026-09-29T16:42:13","date_gmt":"2026-09-29T08:42:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.varidata.com\/uncategorized-zh-cn\/how-to-spot-abnormal-traffic-on-a-server-using-tcpdump\/"},"modified":"2026-09-29T16:46:09","modified_gmt":"2026-09-29T08:46:09","slug":"how-to-spot-abnormal-traffic-on-a-server-using-tcpdump","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.varidata.com\/zh-cn\/knowledge\/how-to-spot-abnormal-traffic-on-a-server-using-tcpdump\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 tcpdump \u53d1\u73b0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u6d41\u91cf"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f60\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/www.varidata.com\/zh-cn\/server\/hk\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d8\u6162<\/a>\u4e86\u3002\u4f60\u8fd0\u884c tcpdump\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u5927\u91cf SYN \u6570\u636e\u5305\u6d8c\u5165\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5f02\u5e38\u73b0\u8c61\u3002Tcpdump \u662f\u4e00\u6b3e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u6293\u5305\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u8ba9\u4f60\u6355\u83b7\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6790\u6293\u5305\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u5371\u9669\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u5f02\u5e38\u884c\u4e3a\u901a\u5e38\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684 TCP \u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u7ec4\u5408\u3001\u8fc7\u9ad8\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/www.varidata.com\/zh-cn\/blog\/optimize-a-website-to-prevent-tcp-packet-loss-on-us-servers\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u6570\u636e\u5305\u901f\u7387<\/a>\uff0c\u6216\u610f\u6599\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u5371\u9669\u4fe1\u53f7\u5305\u62ec\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u6216\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u7ec4\u5408\u3002Tcpdump \u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7279\u5b9a\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7406\u89e3\u6d41\u91cf\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5173\u952e\u547d\u4ee4\u3001\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u4ee5\u53ca\u89e3\u8bfb\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u5c3d\u65e9\u53d1\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5148\u6293\u53d6\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6570\u636e\u5305\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5f00\u59cb\u8bc6\u522b\u5f02\u5e38\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5173\u952e\u8981\u70b9<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u5148\u6355\u83b7\u6b63\u5e38\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u57fa\u7ebf\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u540e\u7eed\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528 tcpdump \u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u53d1\u73b0 SYN \u6d2a\u6cdb\u3001\u7aef\u53e3\u626b\u63cf\u4ee5\u53ca UDP\/ICMP \u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u89e3\u8bfb\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u3001TTL \u548c\u6570\u636e\u5305\u901f\u7387\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u5371\u9669\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5c06\u6293\u5305\u7ed3\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3a pcap \u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4f7f\u7528 Wireshark \u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7ecf\u5e38\u7ec3\u4e60\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u5efa\u7acb\u8bc6\u522b\u5f02\u5e38\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u4f7f\u7528 tcpdump \u6355\u83b7\u57fa\u7ebf\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u4f60\u7740\u624b\u6392\u67e5\u5f02\u5e38\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5148\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u8003\u70b9\u3002\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u4e86\u89e3\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u5b50\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u65e9\u5df2\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u601d\u8def\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\u3002Qayyum \u7b49\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u7edf\u8ba1\u5206\u6790\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u68c0\u6d4b\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u5728\u4e8e\u5efa\u7acb\u6b63\u5e38\u6d41\u91cf\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5148\u8bbe\u5b9a\u6b63\u5e38\u57fa\u7ebf\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u504f\u79bb\u8be5\u57fa\u7ebf\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5f02\u5e38\u6d41\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f1a\u589e\u5f3a\u4f60\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002\u4f60\u4f1a\u77e5\u9053\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5728\u5065\u5eb7\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u5e94\u8be5\u5448\u73b0\u600e\u6837\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Qayyum \u7b49\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u7edf\u8ba1\u5206\u6790\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5f02\u5e38\u6d41\u91cf\u68c0\u6d4b\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5176\u91cd\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u5efa\u7acb\u6b63\u5e38\u6d41\u91cf\u6a21\u578b\u5e76\u8bbe\u5b9a\u6b63\u5e38\u57fa\u7ebf\u3002\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u5f02\u5e38\u6d41\u91cf\u68c0\u6d4b\u65f6\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u504f\u79bb\u8be5\u57fa\u7ebf\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5f02\u5e38\u6d41\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 tcpdump \u91c7\u7528\u540c\u6837\u7684\u601d\u8def\u3002\u5148\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u6355\u83b7\u6d41\u91cf\u3002Tcpdump \u4e3a\u6b64\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u4f60\u4ece\u65e5\u5e38\u4e1a\u52a1\u65f6\u6bb5\u5f00\u59cb\u6293\u5305\uff0c\u518d\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6293\u5305\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u5178\u578b\u6d41\u91cf\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u4e3a\u63a5\u53e3\u6293\u5305\u914d\u7f6e Tcpdump<\/h3>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u8fd0\u884c <code>tcpdump -D<\/code> \u5217\u51fa\u53ef\u7528\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u627e\u5230\u4f60\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u540d\u79f0\u7c7b\u4f3c <code>eth0<\/code>\u3002\u56de\u73af\u63a5\u53e3\u5904\u7406\u7684\u662f\u5185\u90e8\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u5916\u90e8\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5c1a\u672a\u5b89\u88c5 tcpdump\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u5b89\u88c5\u3002\u5728 Debian \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c <code>apt-get install tcpdump<\/code>\u3002\u5728 CentOS \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c <code>yum install tcpdump<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63a5\u7740\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u662f\u5426\u914d\u7f6e\u6b63\u786e\u3002\u8fd0\u884c <code>tcpdump -i eth0 -c 100<\/code>\u3002\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u8bb0\u5f55 100 \u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002Tcpdump \u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u548c\u5730\u5740\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u65f6\u770b\u5230\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u89c2\u5bdf\u6b63\u5e38\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h3>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u91c7\u96c6\u57fa\u7ebf\u6d41\u91cf\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e1a\u52a1\u6b63\u5e38\u3001\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5e73\u7a33\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u9ad8\u5cf0\u671f\u3002\u8fd0\u884c <code>tcpdump -i eth0 -c 1000 -w baseline.pcap<\/code>\u3002\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u9759\u9ed8\u6355\u83b7 1000 \u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u5c06\u6784\u6210\u4f60\u7684\u57fa\u7ebf\uff0c\u7a0d\u540e\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\u52a9 tcpdump \u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf7\u4ed4\u7ec6\u7814\u7a76\u8fd9\u4efd\u57fa\u7ebf\u6570\u636e\u3002\u89c2\u5bdf\u6d41\u91cf\u6784\u6210\u3002Web \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u5927\u91cf\u5e26\u6709 SYN \u548c ACK \u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8fde\u63a5\u90fd\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5305\u901f\u7387\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u5e73\u7a33\uff0c\u6765\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4ee5\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u91cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5178\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u7279\u522b\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u6570\u636e\u5305\u901f\u7387\uff0c\u6b63\u5e38\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u7a33\u5b9a\u901f\u7387\uff0c\u800c\u7a81\u589e\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u610f\u5473\u7740\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u8bb0\u5f55\u6b63\u5e38\u65f6\u6bb5\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6e90 IP \u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4efd\u57fa\u7ebf\u5c06\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u540e\u7eed\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\u3002\u5c06\u65b0\u7684\u6293\u5305\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u57fa\u7ebf\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5dee\u5f02\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5371\u9669\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u5927\u91cf SYN \u5305\u4f1a\u975e\u5e38\u663e\u773c\uff0cICMP \u56de\u663e\u98ce\u66b4\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4e00\u76ee\u4e86\u7136\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u5feb\u901f\u9694\u79bb\u7279\u5b9a\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4f60\u7684\u6293\u5305\u6280\u80fd\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4f60\u66f4\u65e9\u53d1\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4f7f\u7528 tcpdump \u6355\u83b7\u5e76\u5206\u6790\u6d41\u91cf\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h2>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u4ece\u5efa\u7acb\u57fa\u7ebf\u8f6c\u5411\u5b9e\u9645\u68c0\u6d4b\u3002\u4f60\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528 tcpdump \u6765\u6355\u83b7\u5e76\u5206\u6790\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u3002\u5173\u952e\u6280\u80fd\u5728\u4e8e\u7f16\u5199\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u3002Tcpdump \u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4f60\u7cbe\u51c6\u6355\u83b7\u5e76\u7b5b\u9009\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u7279\u5b9a\u5f02\u5e38\u4ece\u6b63\u5e38\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u4e2d\u5206\u79bb\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u914d\u5408 <code>-l<\/code> \u53c2\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\uff0c\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u4f1a\u542f\u7528\u884c\u7f13\u51b2\uff0c\u8ba9\u8f93\u51fa\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5230\u8fbe\u65f6\u7acb\u5373\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5c06\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u4e0e\u5b9e\u65f6\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u73b0\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u8fc7\u6ee4 SYN \u6d2a\u6cdb\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u626b\u63cf<\/h3>\n<p>SYN \u6d2a\u6cdb\u4f1a\u7559\u4e0b\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\u3002\u4f60\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u5927\u91cf SYN \u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u5374\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u540e\u7eed ACK\u3002\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ea\u6355\u83b7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u521d\u59cb\u63e1\u624b\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u3002Berkeley Packet Filter \u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0 berkeley packet filter syntax\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u57fa\u4e8e\u534f\u8bae\u5934\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u504f\u79fb\u7f16\u5199\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u80fd\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u5305\u9009\u62e9\u8fdb\u884c\u7cbe\u7ec6\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5148\u4ece\u5b9e\u65f6\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u8fd0\u884c <code>tcpdump -i eth0 -l \"tcp[13] == 0x02\"<\/code>\u3002\u4f60\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u5165\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684 SYN \u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002\u6b63\u5e38\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u6709\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684 SYN \u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u906d\u9047\u6d2a\u6cdb\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u51fa\u73b0\u5927\u91cf SYN\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u8fde\u63a5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u7684 ACK\u3002\u82e5\u67d0\u4e00\u6765\u6e90\u6bcf\u79d2\u53d1\u51fa\u6570\u767e\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a SYN \u5305\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u610f\u5473\u7740\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u4f60\u8981\u6301\u7eed\u89c2\u5bdf\u901f\u7387\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u4e4b\u524d\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u57fa\u7ebf\u5bf9\u7167\u3002\u5dee\u5f02\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u7acb\u523b\u663e\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7aef\u53e3\u626b\u63cf\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5219\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u626b\u63cf\u5668\u4f1a\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u5411\u4e0d\u540c\u7aef\u53e3\u5206\u522b\u53d1\u9001 SYN \u5305\u3002\u4f60\u4f1a\u5728\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u7a97\u53e3\u5185\u770b\u5230\u67d0\u4e00\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u8bbf\u95ee\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u8fd0\u884c <code>tcpdump -i eth0 -l -nn \"tcp[13] == 0x02\"<\/code>\u3002\u53c2\u6570 <code>-nn<\/code> \u4f1a\u963b\u6b62 DNS \u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4f60\u5c31\u80fd\u6e05\u695a\u770b\u5230\u539f\u59cb IP \u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a IP \u5728\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u63a2\u6d4b\u5927\u91cf\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u8bf4\u660e\u5b83\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u4fa6\u5bdf\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\u52a9 tcpdump \u6309\u7aef\u53e3\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4e3b\u673a\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff0c\u5355\u72ec\u9501\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u7591\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u5728\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6761\u4ef6\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165 <code>and src host X.X.X.X<\/code>\u3002Tcpdump \u5c31\u4f1a\u5c06\u89c6\u91ce\u6536\u7a84\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2a\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4f60\u4fbf\u80fd\u66f4\u7ec6\u81f4\u5730\u5206\u6790\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u626b\u63cf\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u8bc6\u522b UDP \u548c ICMP \u5f02\u5e38<\/h3>\n<p>UDP \u5f02\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u3002DNS \u653e\u5927\u653b\u51fb\u5927\u91cf\u4f9d\u8d56 UDP\u3002\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u4f1a\u5411 DNS \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u4f2a\u9020\u6e90 IP \u5730\u5740\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u8be5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u53d1\u7ed9\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u3002\u8fd0\u884c <code>tcpdump -i eth0 -l \"udp dst port 53\"<\/code>\u3002\u4f60\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u5927\u91cf\u53d1\u5f80 53 \u7aef\u53e3\u7684 UDP \u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u4e14\u5927\u5c0f\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u6b63\u5e38\u67e5\u8be2\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5c0f\u4e8e 512 \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u800c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u610f\u5473\u7740\u653e\u5927\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7edf\u8ba1\u54cd\u5e94\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u8ba4\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<p>ICMP \u5f02\u5e38\u5219\u5305\u62ec ping \u6d2a\u6cdb\u3002\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6781\u9ad8\u9891\u7387\u53d1\u9001 ICMP \u56de\u663e\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6d88\u8017\u5e26\u5bbd\u3002\u8fd0\u884c <code>tcpdump -i eth0 -l \"icmp and icmp[icmptype] == 8\"<\/code>\u3002\u8be5\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u53ea\u6355\u83b7\u56de\u663e\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u6b63\u5e38\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u4f1a\u5076\u5c14\u6536\u5230\u6765\u81ea\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177\u7684 ping\uff0c\u800c\u6d2a\u6cdb\u653b\u51fb\u5219\u4f1a\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e00\u6765\u6e90\u6bcf\u79d2\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u767e\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6d41\u91cf\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f1a\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u663e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6355\u83b7\u5e76\u5206\u6790\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u8fd8\u5e94\u5173\u6ce8 TTL \u503c\u3002\u6b63\u5e38 ICMP \u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684 TTL \u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u56e0\u6765\u6e90\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u5b9a\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90 IP \u7684 TTL \u7a81\u7136\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u88ab\u4f2a\u9020\u3002Tcpdump \u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u8bc6\u522b\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4f60\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\u5de5\u5177\u7bb1\u3002\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u53cd\u590d\u7ec3\u4e60\uff0c\u719f\u6089\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u8fc7\u6ee4\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u8eab\u73af\u5883\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u6574\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u6301\u7eed\u6293\u5305\u3002\u4f60\u4f1a\u9010\u6e10\u638c\u63e1\u5982\u4f55\u6709\u6548\u5730\u6355\u83b7\u5e76\u5206\u6790\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e3a\u53d1\u73b0\u6a21\u5f0f\u800c\u5206\u6790\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4e8b\u540e\u590d\u76d8\u800c\u4fdd\u7559\u6293\u5305\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f60\u8981\u628a tcpdump \u5f53\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u8ba4\u771f\u5206\u6790\u6bcf\u4e00\u4efd\u6293\u5305\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5b9a\u671f\u91cd\u590d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6355\u83b7\u548c\u5206\u6790\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u6301\u7eed\u7ec3\u4e60\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u5f3a\u4f60\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u89e3\u8bfb Tcpdump \u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u7684\u5371\u9669\u4fe1\u53f7<\/h2>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6b63\u786e\u89e3\u8bfb\uff0c\u539f\u59cb\u8f93\u51fa\u672c\u8eab\u610f\u4e49\u5e76\u4e0d\u5927\u3002\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u9010\u9879\u5206\u6790\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4e0e\u57fa\u7ebf\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6210\u7247\u7684\u6587\u672c\u624d\u4f1a\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u89e3\u7801\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u3001TTL \u548c\u6570\u636e\u5305\u901f\u7387<\/h3>\n<p>TCP \u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u5b57\u6bb5\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e00\u6761\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e94\u5f53\u4f9d\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0 SYN\u3001SYN-ACK\u3001ACK\u3002\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5728 tcpdump \u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u89c2\u5bdf\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u5982\u679c\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u8fde\u4e32 SYN \u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u8868\u793a\u906d\u9047\u4e86\u6d2a\u6cdb\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u76ee\u6807\u7aef\u53e3\u88ab\u963b\u65ad\u3002RST \u6807\u5fd7\u8868\u793a\u8fde\u63a5\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e00\u4e3b\u673a\u53d1\u51fa\u5927\u91cf RST\uff0c\u5219\u5f80\u5f80\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6709\u626b\u63cf\u5668\u6b63\u5728\u63a2\u6d4b\u5173\u95ed\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>TTL \u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u5927\u81f4\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5404\u81ea\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684 TTL\u3002\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u6765\u6e90\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305 TTL \u5f80\u5f80\u8f83\u4e3a\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u7684 TTL \u7a81\u7136\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u6697\u793a\u5b58\u5728\u4f2a\u88c5\u6216\u6b3a\u9a97\u3002\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5f88\u5c11\u80fd\u7cbe\u786e\u6a21\u62df\u88ab\u5192\u5145\u4e3b\u673a\u539f\u672c\u7684 TTL\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6570\u636e\u5305\u901f\u7387\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6700\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002Tcpdump \u4f1a\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u8f93\u51fa\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u636e\u6b64\u7edf\u8ba1\u6bcf\u79d2\u5230\u8fbe\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u57fa\u7ebf\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5448\u73b0\u7a33\u5b9a\u8282\u594f\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u65e6\u51fa\u73b0\u4e09\u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u7a81\u589e\uff0c\u5c31\u503c\u5f97\u8b66\u60d5\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5e26\u6709 <code>-tttt<\/code> \u53c2\u6570\u7684 tcpdump \u6765\u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u6574\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8861\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u770b\u5230\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u95f4\u9694\u6781\u77ed\uff0c\u90a3\u5f80\u5f80\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u4eec\u6765\u81ea\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u771f\u5b9e\u7528\u6237\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u8bc6\u522b\u91cd\u590d\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0e\u5f02\u5e38\u6765\u6e90<\/h3>\n<p>\u91cd\u590d\u884c\u4e3a\u4f1a\u66b4\u9732\u610f\u56fe\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5e38\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f1a\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u6761\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u64cd\u4f5c\u540e\u7ed3\u675f\uff1b\u800c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u51e0\u79d2\u949f\u5185\u5efa\u7acb\u6570\u767e\u6761\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5355\u4e00\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7edf\u8ba1\u5176\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u3002Tcpdump \u501f\u52a9\u4e3b\u673a\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u5c31\u80fd\u8f7b\u677e\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u518d\u7ed3\u5408\u7aef\u53e3\u548c\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u6a21\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f02\u5e38\u6765\u6e90\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4ee5\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u6765\u81ea\u4f60\u5e76\u65e0\u7528\u6237\u5206\u5e03\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff1b\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u5185\u90e8\u5730\u5740\u7a81\u7136\u4e0e\u4ece\u672a\u8054\u7cfb\u8fc7\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u4e3b\u673a\u901a\u4fe1\uff1b\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u67d0\u4e00\u5730\u5740\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u8bbf\u95ee\u5927\u91cf\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u6a21\u5f0f\u53cd\u6620\u4e0d\u540c\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u4f9d\u6b21\u63a2\u6d4b\u6240\u6709\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4fa6\u5bdf\u884c\u4e3a\uff1b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u53cd\u590d\u53d1\u9001\u76f8\u540c\u8f7d\u8377\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u66b4\u529b\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u8fd8\u5e94\u5173\u6ce8\u534a\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u8fde\u63a5\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u53ea\u770b\u5230 SYN\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u6210\u6700\u7ec8 ACK\u3002\u5f53\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d44\u6e90\u8017\u5c3d\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u8fde\u63a5\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u5806\u79ef\u3002Tcpdump \u4f1a\u5728\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u5217\u4e2d\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u663e\u793a\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5355\u72ec\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u6d4b\u91cf\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8ba1\u6570\u6301\u7eed\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u8bf4\u660e\u95ee\u9898\u6b63\u5728\u6076\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u8bca\u65ad\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u731c\u6d4b\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5371\u9669\u4fe1\u53f7\u90fd\u4e0e\u57fa\u7ebf\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u518d\u901a\u8fc7\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u6293\u5305\u52a0\u4ee5\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u57fa\u4e8e\u5145\u5206\u8bc1\u636e\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u6293\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u653b\u51fb\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h2>\n<h3>\u68c0\u6d4b UDP \u5f02\u5e38\uff08DNS \u653e\u5927\u3001Ping \u6d2a\u6cdb\uff09<\/h3>\n<p>\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 tcpdump \u8bc6\u522b DNS \u653e\u5927\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u4f1a\u5411\u5f00\u653e\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u4f2a\u9020\u6e90 IP \u5730\u5740\uff0c\u800c\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u4f1a\u5c06\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u53d1\u56de\u4f60\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fc7\u6ee4 UDP 53 \u7aef\u53e3\u6d41\u91cf\u6765\u68c0\u6d4b\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u5173\u6ce8\u8d85\u8fc7 512 \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u6b63\u5e38 DNS \u54cd\u5e94\u901a\u5e38\u4f4e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u9608\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u8d85\u5927\u54cd\u5e94\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6ee5\u7528\u3002Tcpdump \u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8d85\u5927\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u770b\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u6301\u7eed\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\u53d1\u9001\u5927\u91cf\u5927\u5305\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u8ba4\u653b\u51fb\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u4f60\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u8e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u901f\u7387\uff0c\u4ee5\u8861\u91cf\u653b\u51fb\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Ping \u6d2a\u6cdb\u4f1a\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a ICMP \u56de\u663e\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u5bc6\u96c6\u7a81\u53d1\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 tcpdump \u914d\u5408 ICMP type 8 \u56de\u663e\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5c06\u56de\u663e\u8bf7\u6c42\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5206\u79bb\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u63a5\u7740\u67e5\u770b\u63a5\u53e3\u4e0a\u7684\u5230\u8fbe\u901f\u7387\u3002\u5065\u5eb7\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u4f1a\u6536\u5230\u6765\u81ea\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u96f6\u661f ping\uff0c\u800c\u6d2a\u6cdb\u653b\u51fb\u5219\u4f1a\u5728\u51e0\u79d2\u5185\u8ba9\u67d0\u4e2a\u6765\u6e90\u53d1\u6765\u6570\u767e\u4e2a\u56de\u663e\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002Tcpdump \u4f1a\u6355\u83b7\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f60\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u67e5 TTL \u503c\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4f2a\u9020\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c TTL \u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90 IP \u4e0a\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5730\u5740\u662f\u5047\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u7f13\u6162\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff08\u4f4e\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f SYN \u6570\u636e\u5305\uff09<\/h3>\n<p>\u6709\u4e9b\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u4f1a\u91c7\u7528\u66f4\u9690\u853d\u7684\u626b\u63cf\u6280\u672f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u9001\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f\u5f88\u4f4e\u7684 SYN \u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u6545\u610f\u653e\u6162\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u6807\u51c6\u626b\u63cf\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7a97\u53e3\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u5f02\u5e38\u504f\u4f4e\u7684\u7a97\u53e3\u503c\u5f80\u5f80\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8fd9\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7cbe\u5fc3\u6784\u9020\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u6b63\u5e38\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u89c4\u907f\u68c0\u6d4b\u3002\u6b63\u5e38\u8fde\u63a5\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u9488\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5448\u73b0\u8f83\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u800c tcpdump \u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u8bc6\u522b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f02\u5e38\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Tcpdump \u8ba9\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5206\u6790\u53d8\u5f97\u76f8\u5bf9\u76f4\u63a5\u3002\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f\u4f4d\u4e8e TCP \u5934\u90e8\u7684\u7b2c 14-15 \u5b57\u8282\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\uff0c\u4e13\u95e8\u7b5b\u9009\u7a97\u53e3\u503c\u4f4e\u4e8e 1024 \u7684 SYN \u6bb5\u3002Tcpdump \u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53ef\u7591\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\u3002\u518d\u5c06\u5176\u51fa\u73b0\u9891\u7387\u4e0e\u57fa\u7ebf\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u5408\u6cd5\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5f88\u5c11\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u5982\u6b64\u5c0f\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002\u5982\u679c\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6765\u6e90\u7a81\u7136\u5927\u91cf\u53d1\u9001\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7f13\u6162\u626b\u63cf\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bb0\u5f55\u8be5\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u5c01\u7981\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u5b58\u6293\u5305\u6570\u636e\u7559\u5f85\u540e\u7eed\u5206\u6790\u3002Tcpdump \u4e3a\u4f60\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4fdd\u5b58\u6293\u5305\u7528\u4e8e\u4e8b\u540e\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6790<\/h2>\n<p>\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u7b2c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u53d1\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5305\u9ad8\u901f\u98de\u8fc7\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u5f53\u4e0b\u7814\u7a76\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u5c06\u6293\u5305\u7ed3\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u4fbf\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4f60\u8fd8\u6709\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5206\u6790\u673a\u4f1a\u3002Tcpdump \u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u4ef6\u8f93\u51fa\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u79cd\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u4e3a\u53d6\u8bc1\u5206\u6790\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u59cb\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u5c06\u5b9e\u65f6\u68c0\u6d4b\u4e0e\u6df1\u5165\u8c03\u67e5\u5206\u79bb\u5f00\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u5c06\u6293\u5305\u7ed3\u679c\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<p>Tcpdump \u4f1a\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3a pcap \u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6807\u51c6\u683c\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u59cb\u5934\u90e8\u548c\u8f7d\u8377\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 <code>-w<\/code> \u53c2\u6570\u521b\u5efa pcap \u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c<code>tcpdump -i eth0 -w incident.pcap<\/code> \u4f1a\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u4f20\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u3002Tcpdump \u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u76d8\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u5c4f\u5e55\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u901f\u7387\u4e0b\u51cf\u5c11\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u5e76\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6301\u7eed\u6293\u53d6\u6d41\u91cf\u800c\u4e0d\u8f7b\u6613\u4e22\u5305\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 <code>-C<\/code> \u53c2\u6570\u63a7\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u3002Tcpdump \u4f1a\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u8fbe\u5230\u6307\u5b9a MB \u5927\u5c0f\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5355\u4e2a pcap \u6570\u636e\u96c6\u8fc7\u5927\u800c\u96be\u4ee5\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 <code>-c<\/code> \u53c2\u6570\u9650\u5236\u6293\u5305\u603b\u6570\uff0c\u5230\u8fbe\u6307\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u540e tcpdump \u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u8bf7\u4e3a\u6293\u5305\u6587\u4ef6\u4f7f\u7528\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u547d\u540d\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5305\u542b\u65e5\u671f\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u8fd9\u6837 tcpdump \u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u4f1a\u66f4\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u5728\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u65e5\u5fd7\u8fdb\u884c\u5173\u8054\u5206\u6790\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u66f4\u5feb\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u6293\u5305\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e60\u60ef\u5728\u4e8b\u540e\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u5c24\u5176\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u4e3a Wireshark \u5ba1\u67e5\u51c6\u5907\u6293\u5305\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<p>\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5206\u6790\u9002\u5408\u5feb\u901f\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u800c\u590d\u6742\u6d41\u91cf\u5219\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u89c6\u89d2\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 Wireshark \u4e2d\u6253\u5f00\u4fdd\u5b58\u597d\u7684 pcap \u6587\u4ef6\u3002Wireshark \u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u89e3\u7801\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u534f\u8bae\u89e3\u7801\u5668\u4e0e\u6d41\u56fe\u7b49\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u8ba9\u4f60\u80fd\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u770b\u5230\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u901a\u4fe1\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\u5982\u4f55\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u53e6\u4e00\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002<\/p>\n<p>TLS \u63e1\u624b\u7ec6\u8282\u4e5f\u4f1a\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u6670\u3002Wireshark \u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u7801\u7248\u672c\u3001\u5bc6\u7801\u5957\u4ef6\u548c\u544a\u8b66\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c tcpdump \u65e0\u6cd5\u4ee5\u6613\u8bfb\u65b9\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4f60\u5c31\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u5168\u8c8c\u3002\u5bfc\u5165 pcap \u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u70b9\u51fb File &gt; Open\u3002\u968f\u540e\u5e94\u7528\u663e\u793a\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u9694\u79bb\u7279\u5b9a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3002\u4fdd\u5b58\u548c\u8bfb\u53d6\u6293\u5305\u6587\u4ef6\u540c\u6837\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u957f\u671f\u7559\u5b58\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u4e8e\u5408\u89c4\u6216\u56e2\u961f\u57f9\u8bad\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u7559 pcap \u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8ba9\u4e8b\u4ef6\u54cd\u5e94\u56e2\u961f\u5728\u4e4b\u540e\u57fa\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u4efd\u8bc1\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u76d8\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u80fd\u591f\u786e\u4fdd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5185\u90e8\u5206\u6790\u53e3\u5f84\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u8bf7\u7ecf\u5e38\u7ec3\u4e60\u4f7f\u7528 tcpdump\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u5347\u6280\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"qc-divider-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"qc-divider\" style=\"border-top-style: solid;width: 100%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Tcpdump \u672c\u8eab\u975e\u5e38\u8f7b\u91cf\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u8be5\u91cd\u70b9\u5173\u6ce8\u4ec0\u4e48\u2014\u2014\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u3001\u901f\u7387\u548c\u6765\u6e90\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u5c31\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u53d1\u73b0\u5f02\u5e38\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u5148\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7ec3\u4e60\u3002\u5148\u5efa\u7acb\u57fa\u7ebf\uff0c\u518d\u5c06\u65b0\u7684\u6293\u5305\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u4e4b\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u5347\u4f60\u6392\u67e5\u771f\u5b9e\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u7684\u654f\u9510\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u6df1\u5165\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u811a\u672c\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u52a8\u91c7\u96c6\uff0c\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u53d1\u9001\u5230 SIEM\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528 Bro \u4e0e Zeek \u505a\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\u3002\u6bcf\u524d\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u628a\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u6293\u5305\u5427\u2014\u2014\u4f60\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u65e5\u5fd7\u91cc\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5df2\u7ecf\u85cf\u7740\u6545\u969c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u9053\u5f81\u5146\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898<\/h2>\n<h3>\u6211\u600e\u4e48\u5224\u65ad\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5728\u906d\u53d7 SYN \u6d2a\u6cdb\u653b\u51fb\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u4f60\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u5927\u91cf SYN \u6570\u636e\u5305\u5feb\u901f\u6d8c\u5165\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 ACK \u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u8fd0\u884c <code>tcpdump -i eth0 -l \"tcp[13] == 0x02\"<\/code> \u5e76\u89c2\u5bdf\u901f\u7387\u3002\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e00\u6765\u6e90\u6bcf\u79d2\u8fbe\u5230\u6570\u767e\u4e2a\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5728\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u8868\u73b0\u4e0e\u4f60\u7684\u57fa\u7ebf\u6293\u5305\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>Tcpdump \u80fd\u663e\u793a DNS \u653e\u5927\u653b\u51fb\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u5417\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002\u8fc7\u6ee4 UDP 53 \u7aef\u53e3\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u5173\u6ce8\u54cd\u5e94\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u6b63\u5e38\u54cd\u5e94\u901a\u5e38\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u800c\u67d0\u4e2a\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u6301\u7eed\u5411\u5355\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\u53d1\u9001\u8d85\u5927\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5219\u8bf4\u660e\u5b58\u5728\u6ee5\u7528\u884c\u4e3a\u3002Tcpdump \u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5927\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 pcap \u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u4e8b\u540e\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u5f88\u6709\u7528\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>Pcap \u6587\u4ef6\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u539f\u59cb\u5934\u90e8\u548c\u8f7d\u8377\u3002\u4f60\u4e4b\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 Wireshark \u4e2d\u6253\u5f00\u5b83\uff0c\u67e5\u770b\u534f\u8bae\u89e3\u7801\u7ed3\u679c\u548c\u6d41\u56fe\u3002\u56e2\u961f\u6210\u5458\u4e5f\u80fd\u57fa\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u4efd\u8bc1\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u76d8\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u6309\u7167\u65e5\u671f\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u5bf9 pcap \u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u6574\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u65e5\u540e\u5feb\u901f\u68c0\u7d22\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u4f4e\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f\u7684 SYN \u6570\u636e\u5305\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f\u4f1a\u6545\u610f\u62d6\u6162\u8fde\u63a5\u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u6807\u51c6\u626b\u63cf\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5f02\u5e38\u504f\u4f4e\u7684\u7a97\u53e3\u503c\u5f80\u5f80\u4ee3\u8868\u66f4\u9690\u853d\u7684\u626b\u63cf\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u540c\u4e00\u6765\u6e90\u7a81\u7136\u5927\u91cf\u53d1\u9001\u8fd9\u79cd\u6784\u9020\u8fc7\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u5c31\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u9690\u853d\u626b\u63cf\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7a97\u53e3\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684 SYN \u6bb5\u6765\u53d1\u73b0\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u6211\u5e94\u8be5\u591a\u4e45\u6293\u4e00\u6b21\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u57fa\u7ebf\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u5e94\u5f53\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u4e1a\u52a1\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u8fde\u7eed\u6570\u5929\u8fdb\u884c\u6293\u5305\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u91c7\u6837\u65f6\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u5f00\u9ad8\u5cf0\u671f\u3002\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u901f\u7387\u548c\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u4f1a\u6784\u6210\u4f60\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u57fa\u7ebf\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\u4efb\u4f55\u504f\u79bb\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u90fd\u503c\u5f97\u4f60\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8c03\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f60\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d8\u6162\u4e86\u3002\u4f60\u8fd0\u884c tcpdump\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u5927\u91cf SYN \u6570\u636e\u5305\u6d8c\u5165\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5f02\u5e38\u73b0\u8c61\u3002Tcpdump \u662f\u4e00\u6b3e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u6293\u5305\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u8ba9\u4f60\u6355\u83b7\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6790\u6293\u5305\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u5371\u9669\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u5f02\u5e38\u884c\u4e3a\u901a\u5e38\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684 TCP \u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u7ec4\u5408\u3001\u8fc7\u9ad8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u901f\u7387\uff0c\u6216\u610f\u6599\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u5371\u9669\u4fe1\u53f7\u5305\u62ec\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u6216\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u7ec4\u5408\u3002Tcpdump 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