{"id":30282,"date":"2026-02-22T08:00:29","date_gmt":"2026-02-22T00:00:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.varidata.com\/?p=30282"},"modified":"2026-02-20T16:35:01","modified_gmt":"2026-02-20T08:35:01","slug":"linux-filesystem-structure-troubleshooting","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.varidata.com\/zh-cn\/blog\/linux-filesystem-structure-troubleshooting\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u5f53\u4f60\u79df\u7528\u4e00\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u5e76\u6253\u5f00Shell\u65f6\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u5c31\u662fLinux\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u5c42\u7ea7\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u4f60\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6258\u7ba1\uff0c\u7406\u89e3<a href=\"https:\/\/www.varidata.com\/zh-cn\/blog-en\/windows-vs-linux-server-concurrency-differences\/\" target=\"_blank\">Linux\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/a>\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u8bca\u65ad\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\u78c1\u76d8\u4ecd\u7136\u663e\u793a\u5df2\u6ee1\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd4\u56de403\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u672c\u6307\u5357\u6452\u5f03\u6d6e\u534e\uff0c\u76f4\u51fbinode\u3001\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/www.varidata.com\/zh-cn\/blog-en\/windows-vs-linux-server-concurrency-differences\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u73af\u5883<\/a>\u4e2d\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5b9e\u6218\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><strong>1. \u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u5c42\u7ea7\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u6807\u51c6\uff08FHS\uff09\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u5b58\u653e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u76ee\u5f55\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u586b\u6ee1\u6216\u6210\u4e3a\u5b89\u5168\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\/<\/strong> \u2013 \u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u6ee1\u4e86\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u52a1\u5fc5\u7559\u610f\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\/home<\/strong> \u2013 \u5b58\u653e\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u7f51\u7ad9\uff09\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u5728\u5171\u4eab\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5206\u533a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u9694\u79bb\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u586b\u6ee1\u6574\u4e2a\u78c1\u76d8\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\/var<\/strong> \u2013 \u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u90ae\u4ef6\u961f\u5217\u548c\u4e34\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5728\u7e41\u5fd9\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c<code>\/var\/log<\/code> \u6bcf\u5929\u53ef\u80fd\u589e\u957f\u6570GB\u3002\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u4e5f\u559c\u6b22\u5728\u6b64\u5199\u5165\u66b4\u529b\u7834\u89e3\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\/tmp<\/strong> \u2013 \u5168\u5c40\u53ef\u5199\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528 <code>noexec<\/code> \u548c <code>nosuid<\/code> \u9009\u9879\u6302\u8f7d\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u6076\u610f\u811a\u672c\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\/etc<\/strong> \u2013 \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5360\u7528\u592a\u591a\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4f46\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6743\u9650\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6574\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u762b\u75ea\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5bf9 <code>\/home<\/code> \u548c <code>\/var<\/code> \u8fdb\u884c\u72ec\u7acb\u5206\u533a\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u65e5\u5fd7\u6cdb\u6ee5\u5bfc\u81f4\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5d29\u6e83\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 <code>df -h<\/code> \u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6302\u8f7d\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><strong>2. Inode \u4e0e\u5757\uff1a\u539f\u5b50\u5355\u5143<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Linux\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7531\u5143\u6570\u636e\uff08inode\uff09\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5757\u7ec4\u6210\u3002inode \u5b58\u50a8\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u6743\u9650\u3001\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u4ee5\u53ca\u6307\u5411\u6570\u636e\u5757\u7684\u6307\u9488 \u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u65f6\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u56fa\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684 inode\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6709\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u4e2a\u5c0f\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u4f1a\u8bdd\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u90ae\u4ef6\u961f\u5217\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f <code>df -h<\/code> \u663e\u793a\u8fd8\u6709\u5269\u4f59\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0cinode \u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u8017\u5c3d\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9677\u9631\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code># \u68c0\u67e5 inode \u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\r\ndf -i\r\nFilesystem      Inodes  IUsed   IFree IUse% Mounted on\r\n\/dev\/vda1       3276800 3276800 0     100%   \/<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5f53 IUse% \u8fbe\u5230 100% \u65f6\uff0c\u5185\u6838\u5c06\u62d2\u7edd\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u2014\u2014\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u884c\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u5305\u542b\u5927\u91cf\u5c0f\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5220\u9664\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u91cd\u65b0\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u66f4\u591a\u7684 inode\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u67e5\u627e\u9ad8 inode \u5360\u7528\u76ee\u5f55\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u8fdb\u5165\u53ef\u7591\u5206\u533a\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 <code>\/var<\/code>\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6267\u884c <code>find . -xdev -type f | cut -d \"\/\" -f 2 | uniq -c | sort -n<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u7f6a\u9b41\u7978\u9996\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f <code>\/var\/spool<\/code> \u6216 <code>\/var\/lib\/php\/sessions<\/code>\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><strong>3. \u6743\u9650\u4e0e\u6240\u6709\u8005\uff1a\u5b89\u5168\u5c42<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u591a\u79df\u6237\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u4e2d\uff0cLinux \u6743\u9650\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u9053\u9632\u7ebf\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u6709\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u7ec4\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e09\u7ec4\u6743\u9650\uff1a\u8bfb\uff084\uff09\u3001\u5199\uff082\uff09\u3001\u6267\u884c\uff081\uff09\u3002\u914d\u7f6e\u9519\u8bef\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4 403 \u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6570\u636e\u6cc4\u9732\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong> <code>chmod u+x script.sh<\/code> \u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6dfb\u52a0\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong> <code>chmod 644 file<\/code> \u8d4b\u4e88 rw-r&#8211;r&#8211; \u6743\u9650\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7279\u6b8a\u6743\u9650\u4f4d\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u4e2d\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0a\u7684 Setgid\uff1a<\/strong> <code>chmod g+s \/home\/project<\/code> \u786e\u4fdd\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u7ee7\u627f\u7ec4\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u56e2\u961f\u534f\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\/tmp \u4e0a\u7684\u7c98\u6ede\u4f4d\uff1a<\/strong> <code>chmod +t \/tmp<\/code> \u9632\u6b62\u7528\u6237\u5220\u9664\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u771f\u5b9e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff1a<\/strong> \u901a\u8fc7 FTP \u4e0a\u4f20 PHP \u811a\u672c\uff0c\u4f46\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0 500 \u9519\u8bef\u3002\u68c0\u67e5\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3002\u5982\u679c Web \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4ee5 <code>www-data<\/code> \u8eab\u4efd\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u6587\u4ef6\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e8e <code>user:user<\/code>\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u7ec4\u8bfb\u6743\u9650\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u5c06\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 644 \u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5728\u7684\u7ec4\u5305\u542b www-data \u5373\u53ef\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898 \u3002<\/p>\n<h2><strong>4. \u78c1\u76d8\u6ee1\u4e86\uff1f\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u6392\u67e5\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u78c1\u76d8\u5360\u6ee1\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6545\u969c\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4f46\u6709\u65f6 <code>df<\/code> \u663e\u793a 100%\uff0c\u800c <code>du<\/code> \u6c47\u603b\u5374\u8fdc\u8fdc\u5c0f\u4e8e\u6b64\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u201c\u5df2\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u4ecd\u88ab\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5360\u7528\u201d\u573a\u666f \u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u68c0\u67e5\u78c1\u76d8\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a<\/strong> <code>df -h<\/code> \u786e\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u6ee1\u4e86\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u67e5\u627e\u5927\u76ee\u5f55\uff1a<\/strong> <code>du -sh \/* 2&gt;\/dev\/null | sort -h<\/code>\u3002\u6df1\u5165\u6392\u67e5\uff1a<code>du -sh \/var\/* | sort -h<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5927\u4e8e 100M \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/strong> <code>find \/ -type f -size +100M -exec ls -lh {} \\;<\/code><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5982\u679c df \u663e\u793a\u5df2\u6ee1\u4f46 du \u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff1a<\/strong> \u67d0\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ecd\u5728\u5360\u7528\u5df2\u5220\u9664\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6267\u884c <code>lsof | grep deleted<\/code> \u53ef\u67e5\u770b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u91cd\u542f\u76f8\u5173\u670d\u52a1\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 <code>systemctl restart httpd<\/code>\uff09\u5373\u53ef\u91ca\u653e\u7a7a\u95f4 \u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u9996\u8981\u6000\u7591\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u79ef\u6781\u4f7f\u7528 logrotate\uff0c\u5e76\u8003\u8651\u8fdc\u7a0b\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d <code>\/var<\/code> \u88ab\u586b\u6ee1\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><strong>5. \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u68c0\u67e5\u4e0e\u6062\u590d<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u5f02\u5e38\u5173\u673a\uff08\u65ad\u7535\u3001\u5185\u6838\u5d29\u6e83\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u635f\u574f\u3002\u4e0b\u6b21\u6302\u8f7d\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f3a\u5236\u8fd0\u884c <code>fsck<\/code>\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u5e72\u9884\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e ext4\uff0c\u52a1\u5fc5\u5728\u5378\u8f7d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u6267\u884c <code>fsck<\/code> \u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u9488\u5bf9\u6839\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8fdb\u5165\u6551\u63f4\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u5927\u591a\u6570\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u63d0\u4f9b\u6062\u590d Shell\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6267\u884c <code>fsck -fy \/dev\/sda1<\/code>\uff08\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u4f60\u7684\u5206\u533a\uff09\u3002<code>-f<\/code> \u5f3a\u5236\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u5e72\u51c0\uff1b<code>-y<\/code> \u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u4fee\u590d\u56de\u7b54\u201c\u662f\u201d \u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e LVM \u5377\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u5feb\u7167\u5e76\u5728\u539f\u59cb\u5377\u6302\u8f7d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u68c0\u67e5\u5feb\u7167 \u3002\u8fd9\u5c5e\u4e8e\u9ad8\u7ea7\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u80fd\u5728\u68c0\u67e5\u671f\u95f4\u4fdd\u6301\u670d\u52a1\u5728\u7ebf\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code># LVM \u5feb\u7167 + fsck \u793a\u4f8b\r\nlvcreate -s -n root_snap -L 1G \/dev\/vg\/root\r\nfsck -fy \/dev\/vg\/root_snap\r\nlvremove -f \/dev\/vg\/root_snap<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2><strong>6. \u9488\u5bf9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u8d1f\u8f7d\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u8c03\u4f18<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u901a\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u6df7\u5408\u8d1f\u8f7d\uff1a\u5927\u91cf\u5c0f\u6587\u4ef6\uff08HTML\u3001PHP\uff09\u548c\u5c11\u91cf\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u5907\u4efd\uff09\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u4e0e\u6302\u8f7d\u9009\u9879\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981 \u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a<\/strong> ext4 \u662f\u7a33\u59a5\u7684\u901a\u7528\u9009\u62e9\u3002XFS \u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u65f6\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8272\uff08\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u90ae\u4ef6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6216\u5927\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff09 \u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6302\u8f7d\u9009\u9879\uff1a<\/strong> \u5728 <code>\/etc\/fstab<\/code> \u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0 <code>noatime<\/code> \u53ef\u6d88\u9664\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bfb\u53d6\u65f6\u7684\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728 HDD \u548c SSD \u4e0a\u90fd\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u6027\u80fd \u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>I\/O \u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\uff1a<\/strong> \u5bf9\u4e8e SSD\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 <code>none<\/code>\uff08\u6216 <code>noop<\/code>\uff09\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u673a\u68b0\u786c\u76d8\uff0c<code>deadline<\/code> \u901a\u5e38\u80fd\u5728\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4e0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u4f4e\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002\u4fee\u6539\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<code>echo deadline &gt; \/sys\/block\/sda\/queue\/scheduler<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>Swappiness\uff1a<\/strong> <code>sysctl vm.swappiness=10<\/code> \u544a\u8bc9\u5185\u6838\u4ec5\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u6781\u5ea6\u7d27\u5f20\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u78c1\u76d8 I\/O \u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4e0d\u8981\u76f2\u76ee\u8c03\u4f18\uff1b\u4f7f\u7528 <code>iostat -x 1<\/code> \u76d1\u63a7 await \u548c util%\u3002\u5982\u679c SSD \u4e0a\u7684 await \u8d85\u8fc7 20ms\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u6574\u961f\u5217\u6df1\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><strong>7. \u7279\u6b8a\u573a\u666f\uff1a\u53ea\u8bfb\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u6709\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u53d1\u751f I\/O \u9519\u8bef\u65f6\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u91cd\u65b0\u6302\u8f7d\u4e3a\u53ea\u8bfb\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9632\u6b62\u635f\u574f\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9047\u5230\u201c\u53ea\u8bfb\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8bf7\u68c0\u67e5 <code>dmesg<\/code> \u662f\u5426\u6709\u78c1\u76d8\u6545\u969c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u786c\u4ef6\u6545\u969c\u7684\u524d\u5146\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7acb\u5373\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u91cd\u65b0\u6302\u8f7d\u4e3a\u8bfb\u5199\u4ee5\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff1a<code>mount -o remount,rw \/\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9<\/code>\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u5e95\u5c42\u8bbe\u5907\u5b58\u5728\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u6b64\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u5e94\u66f4\u6362\u78c1\u76d8\u5e76\u4ece\u5907\u4efd\u4e2d\u6062\u590d\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><strong>8. \u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u4e0e\u76d1\u63a7<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u4e3b\u52a8\u76d1\u63a7\u80dc\u8fc7\u88ab\u52a8\u6551\u706b\u3002\u8bbe\u7f6e cron \u4efb\u52a1\u6bcf\u65e5\u68c0\u67e5\u78c1\u76d8\u548c inode \u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>#!\/bin\/bash\r\n# \u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3a \/etc\/cron.daily\/diskcheck\r\ndf -h | awk 'int($5) &gt; 90 {print \"\u78c1\u76d8\u5373\u5c06\u5360\u6ee1: \" $0}' | mail -s \"\u78c1\u76d8\u544a\u8b66\" admin@example.com\r\ndf -i | awk 'int($5) &gt; 90 {print \"inode\u5373\u5c06\u5360\u6ee1: \" $0}' | mail -s \"inode\u544a\u8b66\" admin@example.com<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u540c\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u4f46\u4ecd\u88ab\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u7a81\u7136\u7684\u5cf0\u503c\u53ef\u80fd\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b58\u5728 bug \u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6cc4\u9732\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u7ed3\u8bba<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Linux \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u7cbe\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u6770\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u6b63\u786e\u5bf9\u5f85\u3002\u4ece inode \u8868\u5230\u6743\u9650\u4f4d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec6\u8282\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u74f6\u9888\u6216\u5b89\u5168\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002\u638c\u63e1\u4e0a\u8ff0\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u80fd\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\u4ece\u7384\u5b66\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u6ce8<strong>Linux\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong>\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ba1\u7406\u5c06\u4e0d\u518d\u88ab\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5f53\u4f60\u79df\u7528\u4e00\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u5e76\u6253\u5f00Shell\u65f6\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u5c31\u662fLinux\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u5c42\u7ea7\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u4f60\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6258\u7ba1\uff0c\u7406\u89e3Linux\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u8bca\u65ad\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\u78c1\u76d8\u4ecd\u7136\u663e\u793a\u5df2\u6ee1\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd4\u56de403\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u672c\u6307\u5357\u6452\u5f03\u6d6e\u534e\uff0c\u76f4\u51fbinode\u3001\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5b9e\u6218\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 1. \u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u5c42\u7ea7\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u76ee\u5f55 \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u6807\u51c6\uff08FHS\uff09\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u5b58\u653e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u76ee\u5f55\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u586b\u6ee1\u6216\u6210\u4e3a\u5b89\u5168\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002 \/ \u2013 \u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u6ee1\u4e86\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u52a1\u5fc5\u7559\u610f\u3002 \/home \u2013 \u5b58\u653e\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u7f51\u7ad9\uff09\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u5728\u5171\u4eab\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5206\u533a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u9694\u79bb\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u586b\u6ee1\u6574\u4e2a\u78c1\u76d8\u3002 \/var \u2013 \u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u90ae\u4ef6\u961f\u5217\u548c\u4e34\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5728\u7e41\u5fd9\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\/var\/log \u6bcf\u5929\u53ef\u80fd\u589e\u957f\u6570GB\u3002\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u4e5f\u559c\u6b22\u5728\u6b64\u5199\u5165\u66b4\u529b\u7834\u89e3\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002 \/tmp \u2013 \u5168\u5c40\u53ef\u5199\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528 noexec \u548c nosuid \u9009\u9879\u6302\u8f7d\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u6076\u610f\u811a\u672c\u8fd0\u884c\u3002 \/etc \u2013 \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5360\u7528\u592a\u591a\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4f46\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6743\u9650\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6574\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u762b\u75ea\u3002 \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5bf9 \/home \u548c \/var \u8fdb\u884c\u72ec\u7acb\u5206\u533a\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u65e5\u5fd7\u6cdb\u6ee5\u5bfc\u81f4\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5d29\u6e83\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 df -h \u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6302\u8f7d\u60c5\u51b5\u3002 2. Inode \u4e0e\u5757\uff1a\u539f\u5b50\u5355\u5143 Linux\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7531\u5143\u6570\u636e\uff08inode\uff09\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5757\u7ec4\u6210\u3002inode \u5b58\u50a8\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u6743\u9650\u3001\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u4ee5\u53ca\u6307\u5411\u6570\u636e\u5757\u7684\u6307\u9488 \u3002 \u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u65f6\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u56fa\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684 inode\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6709\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u4e2a\u5c0f\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u4f1a\u8bdd\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u90ae\u4ef6\u961f\u5217\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f df -h \u663e\u793a\u8fd8\u6709\u5269\u4f59\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0cinode \u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u8017\u5c3d\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9677\u9631\u3002 # \u68c0\u67e5 inode \u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5 df -i Filesystem Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.varidata.com\/zh-cn\/blog\/linux-filesystem-structure-troubleshooting\/\">Read More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":30279,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[76],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30282","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Linux\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" 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