{"id":20104,"date":"2025-02-06T10:29:44","date_gmt":"2025-02-06T02:29:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.varidata.com\/uncategorized-zh-cn\/how-to-migrate-data-from-centos-to-other-os\/"},"modified":"2025-04-16T10:44:17","modified_gmt":"2025-04-16T02:44:17","slug":"how-to-migrate-data-from-centos-to-other-os","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.varidata.com\/zh-cn\/knowledge\/how-to-migrate-data-from-centos-to-other-os\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4eceCentOS\u8fc1\u79fb\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><strong>\u4e86\u89e3CentOS\u73b0\u72b6<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>CentOS Linux\u7684\u505c\u6b62\u7ef4\u62a4\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u9886\u57df\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u7ba1\u7406<a href=\"https:\/\/www.varidata.com\/zh-cn\/server\/us\/cn2\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/a>\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u800c\u8a00\u3002\u672c\u7efc\u5408\u6307\u5357\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u884c\u4e4b\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8fc1\u79fb\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fc7\u6e21\u65f6\u5c06\u505c\u673a\u65f6\u95f4\u964d\u81f3\u6700\u4f4e\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u8fc1\u79fb\u524d\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u51c6\u5907<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u8fc1\u79fb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u7b56\u7565\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528rsync\u7684\u7ecf\u8fc7\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>\r\n# \u521b\u5efa\u91cd\u8981\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5907\u4efd\r\nrsync -avzP --exclude='\/proc\/*' --exclude='\/sys\/*' --exclude='\/dev\/*' \\\r\n--exclude='\/run\/*' --exclude='\/mnt\/*' --exclude='\/media\/*' \\\r\n--exclude='\/lost+found' \/* \/backup\/centos_backup\/\r\n\r\n# \u9a8c\u8bc1\u5907\u4efd\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\r\ndiff -r \/ \/backup\/centos_backup\/ \\\r\n--exclude='\/proc\/*' --exclude='\/sys\/*' --exclude='\/dev\/*' \\\r\n--exclude='\/run\/*' --exclude='\/mnt\/*' --exclude='\/media\/*'\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2><strong>\u76ee\u6807\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u6790<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u53ef\u884c\u7684CentOS\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\uff0cRocky Linux\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u7a81\u51fa\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u771f\u5b9e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6027\u80fd\u6307\u6807\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1a<\/p>\n<style>\ntable {\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    width: 100%;\n    margin: 20px 0;\n}<\/p>\n<p>th, td {\n    border: 1px solid #ddd;\n    padding: 8px;\n    text-align: left;\n}<\/p>\n<p>th {\n    background-color: #f5f5f5;\n}<\/p>\n<p>tr:nth-child(even) {\n    background-color: #fafafa;\n}\n<\/style>\n<table>\n<tr>\n<th>\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf<\/th>\n<th>\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u517c\u5bb9\u6027<\/th>\n<th>\u5305\u7ba1\u7406<\/th>\n<th>\u652f\u6301\u6a21\u5f0f<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Rocky Linux<\/td>\n<td>100% RHEL\u517c\u5bb9<\/td>\n<td>DNF\/YUM<\/td>\n<td>\u793e\u533a\u9a71\u52a8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>AlmaLinux<\/td>\n<td>99.9% RHEL\u517c\u5bb9<\/td>\n<td>DNF\/YUM<\/td>\n<td>CloudLinux\u652f\u6301<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ubuntu Server<\/td>\n<td>\u9700\u8981\u9002\u914d<\/td>\n<td>APT<\/td>\n<td>Canonical\u652f\u6301<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<h2><strong>\u8fc1\u79fb\u6d41\u7a0b\uff1a\u6280\u672f\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc1\u79fb\u5230Rocky Linux\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u5173\u6ce8\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u548cWeb\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5b9e\u6218\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>\r\n# \u68c0\u67e5\u5f53\u524dCentOS\u7248\u672c\r\ncat \/etc\/centos-release\r\n\r\n# \u4e0b\u8f7dRocky Linux\u8fc1\u79fb\u811a\u672c\r\ncurl -O https:\/\/raw.githubusercontent.com\/rocky-linux\/migration\/main\/migrate2rocky.sh\r\n\r\n# \u9a8c\u8bc1\u811a\u672c\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\r\nsha256sum migrate2rocky.sh\r\n\r\n# \u6267\u884c\u8fc1\u79fb\r\nbash migrate2rocky.sh -r\r\n\r\n# \u8fc1\u79fb\u540e\u7cfb\u7edf\u9a8c\u8bc1\r\nrpm -Va\r\ndnf check\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2><strong>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fc1\u79fb\u7ec6\u8282<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8eMySQL\/MariaDB\u8fc1\u79fb\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7cfb\u7edf\u65b9\u6cd5\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>\r\n# \u5907\u4efd\u73b0\u6709\u6570\u636e\u5e93\r\nmysqldump --all-databases --single-transaction \\\r\n--quick --lock-tables=false > full_backup.sql\r\n\r\n# \u914d\u7f6e\u590d\u5236\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u96f6\u505c\u673a\u8fc1\u79fb\r\nCHANGE MASTER TO\r\nMASTER_HOST='old_server_ip',\r\nMASTER_USER='replication_user',\r\nMASTER_PASSWORD='secure_password',\r\nMASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',\r\nMASTER_LOG_POS=234;\r\n\r\n# \u542f\u52a8\u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u7a0b\r\nSTART SLAVE;\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2><strong>\u7f8e\u56fd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u73af\u5883\u8003\u8651\u56e0\u7d20<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8fd0\u8425\u9700\u8981\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u8003\u8651\u5230\u7f8e\u56fdCDN\u96c6\u6210\u7684nginx\u5b9e\u7528\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>\r\n# \u7f8e\u56fd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u73af\u5883\u7684Nginx\u4f18\u5316\r\nhttp {\r\n    # CDN\u548c\u4ee3\u7406\u8bbe\u7f6e\r\n    set_real_ip_from 103.21.244.0\/22;\r\n    set_real_ip_from 103.22.200.0\/22;\r\n    real_ip_header X-Forwarded-For;\r\n    \r\n    # Gzip\u538b\u7f29\r\n    gzip on;\r\n    gzip_types text\/plain text\/css application\/json application\/javascript;\r\n    gzip_min_length 1000;\r\n    \r\n    # \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7f13\u5b58\r\n    location ~* \\.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|ico|css|js)$ {\r\n        expires 365d;\r\n        add_header Cache-Control \"public, no-transform\";\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2><strong>\u5e38\u89c1\u8fc1\u79fb\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6545\u969c\u6392\u9664<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u8fc1\u79fb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u9ad8\u6548\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>\r\n# \u4fee\u590d\u5305\u4f9d\u8d56\u95ee\u9898\r\ndnf clean all\r\ndnf distro-sync\r\ndnf --setopt=protected_packages= --setopt=keepcache=0 upgrade\r\n\r\n# \u89e3\u51b3SELinux\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\r\nrestorecon -Rv \/\r\nsemanage fcontext -l\r\n\r\n# \u68c0\u67e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\r\nrpm -Va | sort\r\nsystemd-analyze verify --user\r\njournalctl -p err..alert\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2><strong>\u8fc1\u79fb\u540e\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u5b9e\u65bd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u6838\u8c03\u6574\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u6700\u4f73\u6027\u80fd\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>\r\n# \u6dfb\u52a0\u5230 \/etc\/sysctl.conf\r\nnet.core.somaxconn = 65535\r\nnet.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65535\r\nnet.ipv4.tcp_fastopen = 3\r\nnet.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1\r\n\r\n# \u5e94\u7528\u66f4\u6539\r\nsysctl -p\r\n\r\n# \u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\r\niostat -xz 1\r\nvmstat 1\r\nmpstat -P ALL 1\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2><strong>\u65b0\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u52a0\u56fa<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u8fc1\u79fb\u540e\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u5bf9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u73af\u5883\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5b9e\u65bd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52a0\u56fa\u63aa\u65bd\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>\r\n# \u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\r\nfirewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https\r\nfirewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http\r\nfirewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=3306\/tcp\r\nfirewall-cmd --reload\r\n\r\n# \u8bbe\u7f6efail2ban\r\ndnf install fail2ban\r\nsystemctl enable fail2ban\r\nsystemctl start fail2ban\r\n\r\n# \u521b\u5efa\u76d1\u72f1\u914d\u7f6e\r\ncat << EOF > \/etc\/fail2ban\/jail.local\r\n[sshd]\r\nenabled = true\r\nbantime = 3600\r\nfindtime = 600\r\nmaxretry = 3\r\nEOF\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2><strong>\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u7b56\u7565<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u5efa\u7acb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76d1\u63a7\u534f\u8bae\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6700\u4f73\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6027\u80fd\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>\r\n# \u5b89\u88c5\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177\r\ndnf install nagios-plugins-all\r\n\r\n# \u8bbe\u7f6e\u57fa\u672c\u76d1\u63a7\u811a\u672c\r\ncat << EOF > \/usr\/local\/bin\/server_health.sh\r\n#!\/bin\/bash\r\necho \"\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a\"\r\nfree -m\r\necho \"\u78c1\u76d8\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a\"\r\ndf -h\r\necho \"\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5e73\u5747\u503c\uff1a\"\r\nuptime\r\necho \"\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\uff1a\"\r\nnetstat -tulpn | grep LISTEN\r\nEOF\r\nchmod +x \/usr\/local\/bin\/server_health.sh\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2><strong>\u603b\u7ed3\u548c\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u6210\u529f\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6570\u636e\u8fc1\u79fb\u9700\u8981\u4ed4\u7ec6\u7684\u89c4\u5212\u548c\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u73af\u5883\u65f6\uff0c\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5173\u952e\u65b9\u9762\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7ef4\u62a4\u5168\u9762\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u7b56\u7565<\/li>\n<li>\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8fc1\u79fb\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/li>\n<li>\u8bb0\u5f55\u6240\u6709\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u914d\u7f6e<\/li>\n<li>\u89c4\u5212\u8fc7\u6e21\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u505c\u673a\u65f6\u95f4<\/li>\n<li>\u5b9e\u65bd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u65e0\u8bba\u60a8\u662f\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6258\u7ba1\u670d\u52a1\u8fd8\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc1\u79fb\u7b56\u7565\u90fd\u80fd\u786e\u4fdd\u4eceCentOS\u5e73\u7a33\u8fc7\u6e21\u5230\u60a8\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\u3002\u5b9a\u671f\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ef4\u62a4\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u66f4\u65b0\u5c06\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5728\u65b0\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7ef4\u6301\u6700\u4f73\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e86\u89e3CentOS\u73b0\u72b6 CentOS Linux\u7684\u505c\u6b62\u7ef4\u62a4\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u9886\u57df\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u7ba1\u7406\u7f8e\u56fd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u800c\u8a00\u3002\u672c\u7efc\u5408\u6307\u5357\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u884c\u4e4b\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8fc1\u79fb\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fc7\u6e21\u65f6\u5c06\u505c\u673a\u65f6\u95f4\u964d\u81f3\u6700\u4f4e\u3002 \u8fc1\u79fb\u524d\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u51c6\u5907 \u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u8fc1\u79fb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u7b56\u7565\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528rsync\u7684\u7ecf\u8fc7\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a # \u521b\u5efa\u91cd\u8981\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5907\u4efd rsync -avzP &#8211;exclude=&#8217;\/proc\/*&#8217; &#8211;exclude=&#8217;\/sys\/*&#8217; &#8211;exclude=&#8217;\/dev\/*&#8217; \\ &#8211;exclude=&#8217;\/run\/*&#8217; &#8211;exclude=&#8217;\/mnt\/*&#8217; &#8211;exclude=&#8217;\/media\/*&#8217; \\ &#8211;exclude=&#8217;\/lost+found&#8217; \/* \/backup\/centos_backup\/ # \u9a8c\u8bc1\u5907\u4efd\u5b8c\u6574\u6027 diff -r \/ \/backup\/centos_backup\/ \\ &#8211;exclude=&#8217;\/proc\/*&#8217; &#8211;exclude=&#8217;\/sys\/*&#8217; &#8211;exclude=&#8217;\/dev\/*&#8217; \\ &#8211;exclude=&#8217;\/run\/*&#8217; &#8211;exclude=&#8217;\/mnt\/*&#8217; &#8211;exclude=&#8217;\/media\/*&#8217; \u76ee\u6807\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u6790 \u5728\u53ef\u884c\u7684CentOS\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\uff0cRocky Linux\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u7a81\u51fa\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u771f\u5b9e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6027\u80fd\u6307\u6807\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1a \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf \u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u517c\u5bb9\u6027 \u5305\u7ba1\u7406 \u652f\u6301\u6a21\u5f0f Rocky Linux 100% 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