{"id":20065,"date":"2025-01-24T08:02:30","date_gmt":"2025-01-24T00:02:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.varidata.com\/uncategorized-zh-cn\/how-to-fix-mysql-connection-issues-on-us-servers\/"},"modified":"2025-04-16T09:17:39","modified_gmt":"2025-04-16T01:17:39","slug":"how-to-fix-mysql-connection-issues-on-us-servers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.varidata.com\/zh-cn\/blog\/how-to-fix-mysql-connection-issues-on-us-servers\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u51b3\u7f8e\u56fd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684MySQL\u8fde\u63a5\u95ee\u9898\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"

MySQL\u8fde\u63a5\u9519\u8bef\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5173\u952e\u969c\u788d\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u60a8\u662f\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u7f8e\u56fd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528<\/a>\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5904\u7406\u8de8\u533a\u57df\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u5e76\u5b9e\u65bd\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u4fee\u590d\u90fd\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u672c\u6280\u672f\u6307\u5357\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8MySQL\u8fde\u63a5\u6545\u969c\u6392\u9664\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u5173\u6ce8\u7f8e\u56fd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e38\u89c1MySQL\u8fde\u63a5\u9519\u8bef\u75c7\u72b6<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u5728\u6df1\u5165\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5206\u6790\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u9047\u5230\u7684\u5178\u578b\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a<\/p>\n

ERROR 2003 (HY000): Can't connect to MySQL server on 'host' (10061)\r\nERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'username'@'localhost'\r\nERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u521d\u59cb\u8bca\u65ad\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u68c0\u67e5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u9a8c\u8bc1MySQL\u670d\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8eLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n
systemctl status mysql\r\n# \u6216\u9488\u5bf9\u8f83\u65e7\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\r\nservice mysql status\r\n\r\n# \u68c0\u67e5MySQL\u8fdb\u7a0b\r\nps aux | grep mysql\r\n\r\n# \u67e5\u770b\u6d3b\u52a8\u76d1\u542c\u5668\r\nnetstat -tuln | grep 3306\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u95ee\u9898\u7ecf\u5e38\u5bfc\u81f4MySQL\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n
# \u6d4b\u8bd5TCP\u8fde\u63a5\r\ntelnet your_server_ip 3306\r\n\r\n# \u68c0\u67e5CentOS\/RHEL\u4e0a\u7684\u9632\u706b\u5899\u72b6\u6001\r\nfirewall-cmd --list-ports\r\n\r\n# \u68c0\u67e5Ubuntu\u4e0a\u7684\u9632\u706b\u5899\u72b6\u6001\r\nsudo ufw status\r\n\r\n# \u9a8c\u8bc1MySQL\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u7684bind-address\r\ngrep bind-address \/etc\/mysql\/mysql.conf.d\/mysqld.cnf\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790<\/strong><\/h2>\n
MySQL\u7684\u6743\u9650\u7cfb\u7edf\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4ed4\u7ec6\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u9a8c\u8bc1\u548c\u4fee\u590d\u6743\u9650\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n
# \u4ee5root\u8eab\u4efd\u767b\u5f55MySQL\r\nmysql -u root -p\r\n\r\n# \u68c0\u67e5\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\r\nSELECT user, host, authentication_string FROM mysql.user;\r\n\r\n# \u9a8c\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6743\u9650\r\nSHOW GRANTS FOR 'username'@'hostname';\r\n\r\n# \u521b\u5efa\u5177\u6709\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u7684\u65b0\u7528\u6237\r\nCREATE USER 'newuser'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';\r\nGRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON database_name.* TO 'newuser'@'%';\r\nFLUSH PRIVILEGES;\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7f8e\u56fd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u5728\u5904\u7406\u7f8e\u56fd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u5ef6\u8fdf\u548c\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u6210\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f18\u5316\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n
# \u7f16\u8f91MySQL\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\r\nvim \/etc\/mysql\/my.cnf\r\n\r\n[mysqld]\r\nmax_connections = 500\r\nwait_timeout = 600\r\ninteractive_timeout = 600\r\nmax_allowed_packet = 64M\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5b9e\u65bd\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff1a<\/p>\n
# PHP-FPM\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b\r\npm = dynamic\r\npm.max_children = 50\r\npm.start_servers = 5\r\npm.min_spare_servers = 5\r\npm.max_spare_servers = 35\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6545\u969c\u6392\u9664\u6280\u672f<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u5f53\u57fa\u672c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u8fde\u63a5\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6df1\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u8bca\u65ad\uff1a<\/p>\n
# \u68c0\u67e5MySQL\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7\r\ntail -f \/var\/log\/mysql\/error.log\r\n\r\n# \u76d1\u63a7\u5b9e\u65f6\u8fde\u63a5\r\nwatch -n 1 \"mysqladmin status processlist\"\r\n\r\n# \u68c0\u67e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\r\nvmstat 1\r\niostat -x 1\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8de8\u533a\u57df\u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5316<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8bbf\u95ee\u7f8e\u56fdMySQL\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5b9e\u65bd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f18\u5316\u7b56\u7565\uff1a<\/p>\n
# \u4e3a\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8fde\u63a5\u542f\u7528\u538b\u7f29\r\n[mysqld]\r\nprotocol_compression_algorithms=zlib,zstd,uncompressed\r\n\r\n# \u914d\u7f6eSSL\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b89\u5168\u8fde\u63a5\r\nssl-ca=\/path\/to\/ca.pem\r\nssl-cert=\/path\/to\/server-cert.pem\r\nssl-key=\/path\/to\/server-key.pem\r\n\r\n# \u9a8c\u8bc1SSL\u72b6\u6001\r\nSHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%ssl%';\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u5b9e\u73b0<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9ad8\u6d41\u91cf\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5b9e\u65bd\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528ProxySQL\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
# \u5b89\u88c5ProxySQL\r\napt-get install proxysql\r\n\r\n# \u57fa\u672cProxySQL\u914d\u7f6e\r\nmysql_servers =\r\n(\r\n    {\r\n        address=\"primary_host\"\r\n        port=3306\r\n        hostgroup=1\r\n        max_connections=200\r\n    },\r\n    {\r\n        address=\"replica_host\"\r\n        port=3306\r\n        hostgroup=2\r\n        max_connections=100\r\n    }\r\n)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u544a\u8b66\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u5b9e\u65bd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u95ee\u9898\u5f71\u54cd\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u73b0\u5b83\u4eec\uff1a<\/p>\n
# Prometheus MySQL Exporter\u914d\u7f6e\r\nglobal:\r\n  scrape_interval: 15s\r\n\r\nscrape_configs:\r\n  - job_name: 'mysql'\r\n    static_configs:\r\n      - targets: ['localhost:9104']\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5b89\u5168\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u5b9e\u65bd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b89\u5168\u63aa\u65bd\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4MySQL\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u7ef4\u6301\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n
# \u914d\u7f6e\u660e\u786e\u7684\u6743\u9650\r\nGRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE ON specific_database.* \r\nTO 'application_user'@'%' \r\nIDENTIFIED BY 'strong_password'\r\nREQUIRE SSL;\r\n\r\n# \u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fde\u63a5\u8d85\u65f6\u7b56\u7565\r\nSET GLOBAL connect_timeout = 10;\r\nSET GLOBAL wait_timeout = 600;\r\nSET GLOBAL interactive_timeout = 600;\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5e38\u89c1\u9519\u8bef\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u89e3\u51b3\u9891\u7e41\u8fde\u63a5\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53c2\u8003\u6307\u5357\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u9519\u8bef\u4ee3\u7801<\/th>\n\u63cf\u8ff0<\/th>\n\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Error 1045<\/td>\n\u8bbf\u95ee\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd<\/td>\n\u9a8c\u8bc1\u51ed\u636e\u548c\u6743\u9650<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Error 2003<\/td>\n\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fde\u63a5\u5230MySQL\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/td>\n\u68c0\u67e5\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Error 2013<\/td>\n\u67e5\u8be2\u671f\u95f4\u5931\u53bb\u8fde\u63a5<\/td>\n\u8c03\u6574\u8d85\u65f6\u8bbe\u7f6e\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5927\u5c0f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n
\u6027\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u5b9e\u65bd\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6027\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u60a8\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a<\/p>\n
# \u57fa\u51c6\u8fde\u63a5\u5bb9\u91cf\r\nmysqlslap --concurrency=50 --iterations=200 \\\r\n--create-schema=employees \\\r\n--query=\"SELECT * FROM employees LIMIT 100;\"\r\n\r\n# \u76d1\u63a7\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\r\nmysqladmin extended-status | grep -i \"connections\"\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7ed3\u8bba\u548c\u540e\u7eed\u6b65\u9aa4<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7ef4\u62a4\u53ef\u9760\u7684MySQL\u8fde\u63a5\u9700\u8981\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\u5b9a\u671f\u7ef4\u62a4\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u8c03\u4f18\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9632\u6b62\u8fde\u63a5\u95ee\u9898\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u8bf7\u8bb0\u4f4f\u8981\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u5b9e\u65bd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5728\u90e8\u7f72\u5230\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e4b\u524d\u5728\u6682\u5b58\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6bcf\u4e2a\u66f4\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u6301\u7eed\u652f\u6301\u548c\u4f18\u5316MySQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5b9e\u65bd\u81ea\u52a8\u76d1\u63a7\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u5b9a\u671f\u7ef4\u62a4\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u60a8\u662f\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u73af\u5883\u8fd8\u662f\u5904\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6258\u7ba1\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u8df5\u90fd\u5c06\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u786e\u4fdd\u7a33\u5b9a\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
MySQL\u8fde\u63a5\u9519\u8bef\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5173\u952e\u969c\u788d\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u60a8\u662f\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u7f8e\u56fd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79df\u7528\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5904\u7406\u8de8\u533a\u57df\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u5e76\u5b9e\u65bd\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u4fee\u590d\u90fd\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u672c\u6280\u672f\u6307\u5357\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8MySQL\u8fde\u63a5\u6545\u969c\u6392\u9664\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u5173\u6ce8\u7f8e\u56fd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u73af\u5883\u3002 \u5e38\u89c1MySQL\u8fde\u63a5\u9519\u8bef\u75c7\u72b6 \u5728\u6df1\u5165\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5206\u6790\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u9047\u5230\u7684\u5178\u578b\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a ERROR 2003 (HY000): Can’t connect to MySQL server on ‘host’ (10061) ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user ‘username’@’localhost’ ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can’t connect to local MySQL server through socket \u521d\u59cb\u8bca\u65ad\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u68c0\u67e5 \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u9a8c\u8bc1MySQL\u670d\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8eLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a systemctl status mysql # \u6216\u9488\u5bf9\u8f83\u65e7\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf service mysql status # \u68c0\u67e5MySQL\u8fdb\u7a0b ps aux | grep mysql # \u67e5\u770b\u6d3b\u52a8\u76d1\u542c\u5668 netstat -tuln | […]<\/p>\n
Read More…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":20062,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[76],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20065","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u51b3\u7f8e\u56fd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684MySQL\u8fde\u63a5\u95ee\u9898\uff1f<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u7f8e\u56fd\u670d\u52a1\u5668MySQL\u8fde\u63a5\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5168\u9762\u6545\u969c\u6392\u9664\u6307\u5357\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u9632\u706b\u5899\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u6743\u9650\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u7f6e\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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