{"id":11983,"date":"2022-09-16T05:10:34","date_gmt":"2022-09-16T05:10:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.varidata.com\/kb\/how-to-secure-a-ssl-connection-with-apache-on-ubuntu-18-04"},"modified":"2022-10-10T02:46:47","modified_gmt":"2022-10-10T02:46:47","slug":"how-to-secure-a-ssl-connection-with-apache-on-ubuntu-18-04","status":"publish","type":"kb","link":"https:\/\/www.varidata.com\/zh-cn\/kb\/how-to-secure-a-ssl-connection-with-apache-on-ubuntu-18-04\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u5728Ubuntu 18.04\u4e0a\u7528Apache\u4fdd\u8bc1SSL\u8fde\u63a5\u5b89\u5168"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row gap=&#8221;25&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1661417481090{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;kb-wrapper&#8221;][vc_column css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1659597638453{margin-top: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;border-radius: 20px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;sub-title&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1664243900839{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;}&#8221;]\u76ee\u7684[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;content&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1664169930461{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;]\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6eSSL\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u516c\u5171HTTP\u6dfb\u52a0\u989d\u5916\u7684\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u534f\u8bae\u3002SSL\u534f\u8bae\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u52a0\u5f3a\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u914d\u7f6eSSL\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4f7f\u7528Ubuntu 18.04\u7684Apache\u4e0a\u542f\u7528HTTPS\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7SSH\u8fde\u63a5\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6559\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6709\u6db5\u76d6\u76f8\u5173\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u60a8\u5b8c\u6210\u8fde\u63a5SSH\u534f\u8bae\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u672c\u5730\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u8bf7\u8fdb\u5165\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u6253\u5f00\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u3002[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;sub-title&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1664169921666{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;]\u53d6\u5f97SSL\u8bc1\u4e66[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;content&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1664169981816{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;]\u4e3a\u4e86\u5efa\u7acb\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff0cApache\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u8bc1\u4e66\u9881\u53d1\u673a\u6784\uff08CA\uff09\u83b7\u5f97\u7684SSL\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u8d77\u89c1\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u7b7e\u540d\u6216\u81ea\u7b7e\u540d\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u4ec5\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u81ea\u7b7e\u540d\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u5219\u53c2\u9605\u53e6\u4e00\u7bc7\u6559\u7a0b\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u60a8\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u83b7\u5f97\u7531\u8ba4\u8bc1\u673a\u6784\u9881\u53d1\u7684\u514d\u8d39SSL\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u8bf7\u770b\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Let&#8217;s Encrypt\u548cUbuntu 18.04\u4fdd\u62a4Apache\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u8bc1\u4e66\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u6216\u57df\u540d\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5Common Name\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name) []: domain.com<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u83b7\u53d6\u8bc1\u4e66\u540e\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u201c\/etc\/certificate\u201d\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>$ sudo mkdir \/etc\/certificate<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u8bc1\u4e66\u548c\u79c1\u94a5\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u5185\u3002[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;sub-title&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1664169988828{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;]\u914d\u7f6eApache SSL\u53c2\u6570[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;content&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1664170015932{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;]\u4e3aApache\u5c06\u521b\u5efa\u5b89\u5168\u8fde\u63a5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u5728Apache conf-available\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u521b\u5efassl-params.conf\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>$ sudo nano \/etc\/apache2\/conf-available\/ssl-params.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5c06\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6307\u4ee4\u590d\u5236\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7c98\u8d34\u5230\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>SSLCipherSuite EECDH+AESGCM:EDH+AESGCM:AES256+EECDH:AES256+EDH<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>SSLProtocol All -SSLv2 -SSLv3 -TLSv1 -TLSv1.1<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>SSLHonorCipherOrder On<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>Header always set X-Frame-Options DENY<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>Header always set X-Content-Type-Options nosniff<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code># Requires Apache &gt;= 2.4<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>SSLCompression off<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>SSLUseStapling on<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>SSLStaplingCache \"shmcb:logs\/stapling-cache(150000)\"<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code># Requires Apache &gt;= 2.4.11<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>SSLSessionTickets Off<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4fdd\u5b58\u540e\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u6863\u3002[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;sub-title&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1664170025203{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;]\u66f4\u6362\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1664170073078{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;content&#8221;]\u5b8c\u6210\u6b64\u6b21\u64cd\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u7528SSL\u8fde\u63a5\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u57df\u540d\u7684\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673aSSL\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6559\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4Apache Virtual Host\u7684SSL\u914d\u7f6e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6253\u5f00\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673aSSL\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>l$ sudo nano \/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/default-ssl.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4f60\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>&lt;IfModule mod_ssl.c&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>&lt;VirtualHost _default_:443&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>DocumentRoot \/var\/www\/html<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/error.log<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/access.log combined<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>SSLEngine on<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>SSLCertificateFile      \/etc\/ssl\/certs\/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>SSLCertificateKeyFile \/etc\/ssl\/private\/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>&lt;FilesMatch \"\\.(cgi|shtml|phtml|php)$\"&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>SSLOptions +StdEnvVars<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>&lt;\/FilesMatch&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>&lt;Directory \/usr\/lib\/cgi-bin&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>SSLOptions +StdEnvVars<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>&lt;\/Directory&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>&lt;\/VirtualHost&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>&lt;\/IfModule&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u8f93\u5165\u60a8\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u6765\u6b63\u786e\u8bbe\u7f6eServerAdmin\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u6dfb\u52a0ServerName\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u60a8\u7684\u57df\u540d\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u5668IP\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u66f4\u6539SSLCertificateFile\u548cSSLCertificateKeyFile\u6307\u4ee4\u6307\u793a\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u8f93\u5165\u8bc1\u4e66\u548c\u79c1\u94a5\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u60a8\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>&lt;IfModule mod_ssl.c&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>&lt;VirtualHost _default_:443&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>ServerAdmin john@mydomain.com<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>ServerName mydomain.com<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>DocumentRoot \/var\/www\/html<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/error.log<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/access.log combined<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>SSLEngine on<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>SSLCertificateFile      \/etc\/certificate\/certificate.crt<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>SSLCertificateKeyFile \/etc\/certificate\/private.key<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>&lt;FilesMatch \"\\.(cgi|shtml|phtml|php)$\"&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>SSLOptions +StdEnvVars<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>&lt;\/FilesMatch&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>&lt;Directory \/usr\/lib\/cgi-bin&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>&lt;\/Directory&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>&lt;\/VirtualHost&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>&lt;\/IfModule&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4fdd\u5b58\u540e\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6\u3002[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;sub-title&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1664170084003{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;]\u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1664170160029{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;content&#8221;]\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u88c5\u6709\u9632\u706b\u5899\uff0c\u8bf7\u5c06\u5176\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u542f\u7528\u5230\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684HTTP\u901a\u4fe1\u548cHTTPS\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u7528UFW\u9632\u706b\u5899\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e9bApache\u7684\u9884\u5b89\u88c5\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u7528\u3002\u67e5\u770bUFW\u9632\u706b\u5899\u4e2d\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>$ sudo ufw app list<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u65f6\u60a8\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>Available applications:<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>Apache<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>Apache Full<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>Apache Secure<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>OpenSSH<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4e3a\u5141\u8bb8HTTP\uff08\u7aef\u53e380\uff09\u548cHTTPS\uff08\u7aef\u53e3443\uff09\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\u201cApache Full\u201d\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002 \u67e5\u770b\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>$ sudo ufw app info \"Apache Full\"<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>Profile: Apache Full<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>Title: Web Server (HTTP,HTTPS)<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>Description: Apache v2 is the next generation of the omnipresent Apache web server.<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>Ports:80,443\/tcp<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b8c\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5176\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>$ sudo ufw allow in \"Apache Full\"<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;sub-title&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1664170168083{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;]\u914d\u7f6eApache[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1664170237267{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;content&#8221;]\u5b8c\u6210\u4e0a\u8ff0\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u914d\u7f6eApache\u3002\u542f\u7528mod_ssl\u548cmod_headers\u6a21\u5757\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>$ sudo a2enmod ssl<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>$ sudo a2enmod headers<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u542f\u7528\u8bfb\u53d6\u6240\u521b\u5efa\u7684SSL\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>$ sudo a2enconf ssl-params<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u542f\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4SSL\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>$ sudo a2ensite default-ssl<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u68c0\u67e5Apache\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u6709\u9519\u8bef\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>$ sudo apache2ctl configtest<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u770b\u5230\u8df3\u51fa\u201cSyntax OK\u201d\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u542fApache\u7ee7\u7eed\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>$ sudo systemctl restart apache2<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;sub-title&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1664170245130{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;]\u68c0\u67e5\u8fde\u63a5[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1664170258747{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;content&#8221;]\u901a\u8fc7\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u60a8\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u865a\u62df\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u57df\u540d\u6216IP\u5730\u5740\u6765\u6253\u5f00\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4f7f\u7528https\u534f\u8bae\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mydomain.com\">https:\/\/mydomain.com<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","kb_category":[465],"class_list":["post-11983","kb","type-kb","status-publish","hentry","kb_category-ubuntu-sc"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u5982\u4f55\u5728Ubuntu 18.04\u4e0a\u7528Apache\u4fdd\u8bc1SSL\u8fde\u63a5\u5b89\u5168 - Varidata Limited<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u76ee\u7684\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6eSSL\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u516c\u5171HTTP\u6dfb\u52a0\u989d\u5916\u7684\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u534f\u8bae\u3002SSL\u534f\u8bae\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u52a0\u5f3a\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0e\u670d\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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